Yaushe zaku tafi tsara kebul na USB, katin SD ko rumbun kwamfutarkaBa zato ba tsammani, gajerun kalmomi suna bayyana ko'ina: FAT, FAT16, FAT32, exFAT, NTFS… kuma sau da yawa muna zaɓar zaɓi bazuwar saboda "shine na asali." A ƙarshe, wannan na iya haifar da matsalolin daidaitawa, iyakokin girman fayil masu ban haushi, ko ma kurakurai masu ban mamaki lokacin haɗa faifai zuwa TV, na'urar wasan bidiyo, ko na'urar hannu.
Zaɓar wanda ya dace tsakanin exFAT, FAT32, FAT da FAT16 Fahimtar NTFS, EXT, HFS, da sauransu (da kuma gane su) yana haifar da bambanci tsakanin faifan da ke aiki daidai da wanda ke aiki lokaci-lokaci kawai. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bayyana menene tsarin fayil, abin da kowane tsari ke bayarwa, iyakokinsa, da kuma lokacin da ya fi kyau a yi amfani da kowannensu. Manufar ita ce, kafin ka gama karatu, tsara faifai ba zai ƙara zama caca ba amma yanke shawara mai kyau.
Menene tsarin fayil kuma me yasa yake da mahimmanci?
Un tsarin fayil Hanya ce da tsarin aiki ke tsara bayanai a kan rumbun kwamfuta, SSD, katin SD, ko kebul na USB. "Kayan aikin ma'ana" ne ke ba ka damar adana fayiloli, sanin inda suka fara da inda suka ƙare, abin da ake kiransu, girmansu, da kuma waɗanne izini ko halaye ne ke da alaƙa da su.
Ba tare da tsarin fayil ba, bayanai za su zama ruɗani: bayanai tubalan Bazuwa a cikin faifai ba tare da tsari ba, ba zai yiwu a gano shi yadda ya kamata ba. Tsarin fayil ɗin yana da alhakin ƙirƙirar tsarin kundin adireshi da yin rikodin mahimman bayanai a cikin bayanan sa, kamar ƙirƙirar da gyare-gyaren ranakun, girman, mai shi, da izinin shiga.
Dangantaka tsakanin tsarin aiki da tsarin fayil Yana da matuƙar kunkuntar tsari. Tsarin da aka saba amfani da shi shine: kuna ƙirƙirar wani ɓangare, kuna tsara shi da tsarin fayil (FAT32, exFAT, NTFS, EXT4, da sauransu), kuma tun daga lokacin tsarin aiki yana amfani da wannan tsarin don adanawa da dawo da takardu, hotuna, bidiyo, ko shirye-shiryenku.
Wannan bayanan tsarin fayil yana adana bayanai kamar ranar ƙirƙira, ranar gyara ta ƙarshe, ranar shiga ta ƙarshe, girma, da izini, masu amfani ga tsara fayilolinkuDuk lokacin da ka adana ko ka motsa fayil, tsarin fayil ɗin yana sabunta wannan bayanin kuma yana kula da fihirisa wanda ke ba tsarin aiki damar nemo abin da kake buƙata cikin sauri.
Akwai nau'ikan tsarin fayiloli da yawa: faifai, tef, hanyar sadarwa, ciniki, na musamman… amma a amfani da yau da kullun yawanci muna hulɗa da tsarin fayilolin faifai: FAT, FAT32, exFAT, NTFS A cikin Windows, ana amfani da HFS da APFS a cikin macOS; kuma a cikin Linux, EXT2/3/4, XFS, Btrfs, da sauransu. Kowannensu an tsara shi da takamaiman amfani da ƙuntatawa.
Tsarin katunan SD da katunan ƙwaƙwalwa don wayoyin hannu, kyamarori da na'urorin wasan bidiyo
Idan burin ku shine amfani da katin SD ko microSD Yana aiki daidai akan kyamara, na'urar wasan bidiyo, drone, ko na'urar hannu.Shawarar mafi aminci ita ce a tsara ta daga na'urar da kanta. Kwamfutar tana amfani da tsarin fayil, girman rukuni, da nau'in ɓangaren da take buƙata, wanda ke ƙara yawan aiki da kuma hana matsalolin daidaitawa.
Idan ka saka kati, na'urori da yawa suna duba ko tsarin fayil ɗin shine wanda suke tsammani; idan ba haka ba, Suna nuna saƙo don tsarawaA mafi yawan lokuta, ba za ka iya zaɓar tsarin ba, kuma ba za ka ma ga ko zai yi amfani da FAT32 ko exFAT ba, amma hakan ba shi da matsala: na'urar tana kula da komai. Idan kana da wata shakka, ya fi kyau ka tuntuɓi littafin jagorar.
Idan na'urar ba ta haɗa da zaɓin tsarawa ba ko kuma katin yana aiki ba daidai ba, ana ba da shawarar amfani da kayan aikin hukuma. Mai tsara katin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar SD daga Ƙungiyar SD maimakon kayan aikin Windows ko macOS na yau da kullun. Wannan kayan aikin yana girmama takamaiman bayanai na katunan SD, SDHC, da SDXC, yana zaɓar tsarin fayil da girman rarrabawa daidai.
Gabaɗaya, SD Formatter zai yi amfani da FAT32 har zuwa 32 GB kuma exFAT daga nanKusan dukkan tsarin da ake amfani da shi a yanzu suna gane waɗannan tsare-tsare. Duk da haka, tsarin yana goge duk abubuwan da ke ciki, don haka yana da kyau a yi madadin kafin yin duk wani canji.
Tsarin fayiloli na yau da kullun a cikin Windows, macOS, da Linux
A cikin Windows, mafi mahimmancin tsarin fayil na asali shine FAT (FAT12/16), FAT32, exFAT da NTFSLinux yana aiki da EXT2/3/4, XFS, JFS, Btrfs, yayin da macOS ke amfani da HFS/HFS+, kuma a cikin sabbin sigogin, APFS.
Kowace tsarin aiki tana ba da tallafi daban-daban ga kowane tsari: Windows na iya karantawa da rubutu zuwa FAT, FAT32, exFAT, da NTFS.macOS na iya aiki da FAT32 da exFAT a zahiri, kuma yawanci yana karanta NTFS ne kawai; Linux yana karanta FAT/FAT32/exFAT da NTFS, kodayake tare da direbobin da aka haɓaka daga al'umma.
A cikin duniyar wayar hannu akwai kuma muhimman nuances: Android yawanci yana amfani da EXT4 ko F2FS don ajiya na cikiSau da yawa ana tsara faifai na ajiya na ciki a cikin FAT32 ko exFAT, yayin da faifai na ajiya na waje galibi ana tsara su a cikin FAT32 ko exFAT. Na'urorin Apple suna amfani da APFS a ciki, kodayake iOS da iPadOS na iya samun damar faifai na waje masu jituwa ta amfani da tsarin fayil ɗin da na'urar ta fahimta.
FAT, FAT16, FAT32 da exFAT: juyin halitta da manyan bambance-bambance
Iyalin FAT (Fayil Rarraba Teburin) tsohon soja ne, amma har yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai. Ya samo asali ne a shekarar 1977, da farko don faifai na floppy, kuma bayan lokaci an daidaita shi zuwa ga rumbun kwamfutoci da duk nau'ikan na'urori masu cirewa. mai sauƙi kuma mai jituwa sosai Kuma shi ya sa ya ci gaba da zama na yau da kullun akan na'urorin USB da katunan SD da yawa.
Nau'ikan farko sune FAT8, FAT12 sannan FAT16, waɗanda ake amfani da su a farkon sigar DOS da kuma a cikin tsarin kamar Windows 95. FAT16 Ya shahara a matsayin babban tsarin fayil tsawon shekaru, kodayake yana da iyaka mai tsanani ta girman fayil da girmansa.
FAT32 ya zo da Windows 95 OSR2 (95B) a matsayin ƙarin FAT16. Bai maye gurbin FAT16 gaba ɗaya ba, amma ya ƙara adadin gungu-gungu masu iya magancewa godiya ga "faɗin bayanai" mai girman bit 32, wanda ke ba da damar yin girma sosai. Ana ƙirƙirar ƙananan gungu-gungu (ƙasa da 512 MiB) a cikin FAT16 sau da yawa.
Matsakaicin adadin gungu da FAT32 zai iya sarrafawa shine 268.435.456Matsakaicin girman gungu na yau da kullun shine 32 KB. A cikin takamaiman tsare-tsare, ana iya amfani da FAT32X lokacin da aka yi amfani da damar shiga ta amfani da LBA (Logical Block Address), amma ƙwarewar mai amfani ta kasance iri ɗaya.
exFAT (Teburin Rarraba Fayiloli Mai Tsawaita) ya bayyana a cikin 2006 a matsayin juyin halitta wanda aka tsara don faifan flash, katunan SDHC/SDXC, da faifan USB masu ƙarfin gaske. Duk da cewa ya gaji falsafar FAT mai sauƙi, Ba wai kawai "ingantaccen sigar FAT32" ba ceamma ƙira ce da aka daidaita da manyan girman fayiloli da kuma ajiyar da za a iya cirewa.
FAT32 Features
FAT32 yana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin tsare-tsare da muke amfani da su kowace rana. Ya kasance a can tsawon shekaru da dama, kuma mafi girman ƙarfinsa shine dacewarsa. kusan kowace tsarin aiki, talabijin, na'ura wasan bidiyo, ko kyamara Yana iya karanta faifan FAT32.
Rashin kyawun FAT32 shine iyakance girman fayil ɗinsa: Ba zai iya sarrafa fayiloli daban-daban waɗanda suka fi girma 4 GB baIdan ka yi ƙoƙarin kwafi babban hoton fim ko faifai, za ka sami saƙon gargajiya cewa "fayil ɗin ya yi girma sosai ga tsarin fayil ɗin da za a yi amfani da shi".
Baya ga iyakar girman fayil 4 GB, FAT32 yana da ƙa'idodi kan girman fayil. A aikace, yawanci ana iyakance ɓangaren FAT32 zuwa 2 TB a cikin tsarin da yawa. Ga na'urorin zamani masu yawa na terabyte, wannan yana sa shi ba shi da kyau a matsayin babban tsari.
Ragewa wani rauni ne na FAT32. Wannan tsarin yana haifar da rarrabuwa fiye da NTFS, wanda a tarihi ya sanya rarrabuwar kawuna ta zama da muhimmanci lokaci zuwa lokaci. Wannan ya fi bayyana a kan tsoffin rumbun kwamfutoci na inji; tasirin ya bambanta akan faifai na flash, kodayake kiyaye wasu tsari koyaushe yana taimakawa.
Dangane da adadin fayiloli, FAT32 na iya ɗaukar har zuwa kusan adadin fayiloli. 268 miliyoyin, fiye da isa ga yawancin amfani da gida, kodayake a cikin tsarin da ke da ƙananan fayiloli da yawa aikin na iya fara wahala.
FAT16 Features
FAT16 shine mizani na shekaru da yawa a cikin MS-DOS da sigar farko ta Windows. Idan aka kwatanta da FAT12, ya ba da damar yin amfani da manyan fayiloli da kuma ingantaccen tsarin sarrafa gungu, amma ya ci gaba da samun sabbin ƙuntatawa yayin da ƙarfin rumbun kwamfutarka ke ƙaruwa.
Tare da FAT16 da bambance-bambancen kamar FAT16B ko FAT16X, har zuwa 2 GB tare da isasshen girman rukuni (misali, 32 KB), amma a aikace wannan ya faɗi ƙasa sosai da isowar manyan faifan diski da kuma ƙaruwar abubuwan da ke cikin multimedia.
A yau, kusan FAT16 an mayar da shi ga tsoffin na'urori ko ƙananan kafofin watsa labarai na ajiya. Tsarin zamani ba shi da amfani da shi sai dai a cikin takamaiman yanayi. dacewa da baya.
Fasali na exFAT
An tsara exFAT musamman don shawo kan iyakokin FAT32 akan faifan diski na waje. Yana ba ku damar sarrafawa manyan fayiloli (bisa ga jerin terabytes goma) da kuma manyan kundin bayanai, yayin da suke riƙe da tsari mai sauƙi da sauƙi.
Ba kamar NTFS ba, exFAT ba ya haɗa da fasaloli da yawa na ci gaba kamar izini masu rikitarwa, matsawa, ko ɓoyewa a ciki, amma a madadin haka yana da ƙarancin farashi kuma yana da ƙarancin aiki. an tsara shi don amfani a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar flash da na waje tafiyarwa.
Daidaitawar exFAT ta fi kyau a yau fiye da shekarun da suka gabata. Windows, macOS, da yawancin rarrabawar Linux na yanzu suna tallafawa ta asali (ko ta hanyar fakitin hukuma), kuma adadi mai yawa na talabijin na zamani, 'yan wasan kafofin watsa labarai, kyamarori, da na'urorin wasan bidiyo na iya karanta ta ba tare da matsala ba.
Ta hanyar cire iyakar 4GB a kowane fayil da kuma barin ɓangarorin da suka fi girma fiye da 16 EBexFAT ya dace da rumbun kwamfutoci na waje na 64GB zuwa sama inda kake son adana bidiyo na 4K/8K, cikakken madadin ajiya ko ɗakunan karatu na wasanni kuma ci gaba da amfani da faifai akan tsarin aiki daban-daban.
Bambance-bambancen aiki: FAT16 da FAT32 da exFAT
Tsakanin FAT16 da FAT32, babban bambancin yana cikin girma da girman rukuni. FAT32 yana ba da damar ƙarin rukuni da yawa saboda haka kundin terabytes da yawayayin da FAT16 ya makale a cikin kewayon gigabyte.
Idan aka kwatanta da FAT32, exFAT wani nau'in "FAT32 mai tsoka" ne: yana ci gaba da dacewa sosai kuma yana da sauƙi, amma ba ya ƙara ɗaukar iyakar girman fayil ɗin 4GB ko ƙuntatawa iri ɗaya na girman girma. A zahiri, idan na'urar tana goyan bayan exFAT, Kusan koyaushe shine mafi kyawun zaɓi. fiye da FAT32.
Idan na'ura ta fahimci FAT (FAT12/16/32) kawai, kamar yadda yake a yawancin talabijin na Android, wannan shine kawai tsarin da za ta iya amfani da shi. A irin waɗannan yanayi, ya fi kyau a bar na'urar da kanta ta tsara faifai zuwa tsarin fayil ɗin da ta fi so.
NTFS da sauran tsarin fayil a cikin Windows
NTFS (Sabuwar Tsarin Fayil na Fasaha) shine tsarin fayil na zamani na Windows. An tsara shi ne don shawo kan iyakokin FAT32 a girman fayil da rabo, da kuma ƙara fasaloli na ci gaba waɗanda yanzu muke ɗauka da wasa.
NTFS yana kawar da iyakar girman fayil ɗin 4GB: yana iya sarrafa fayiloli har zuwa 16 TB da kuma kundin ka'idoji har zuwa 16 EB, wanda ya zarce abin da muke amfani da shi a gida sosai. Wannan ya sa ya zama tsari mafi dacewa don rumbun kwamfutoci na ciki, na'urorin wasan bidiyo, da adana manyan ɗakunan karatu na multimedia a cikin yanayin Windows.
NTFS yana da fasaloli masu mahimmanci kamar: izini masu girma, rubutawa, da ɓoyewa An haɗa wannan duka zuwa ga tsaro, kwanciyar hankali, da kuma ingantaccen tsarin sarrafa bayanai.
Babban koma-baya ga NTFS shine dacewarsa a wajen Windows. Misali, macOS yawanci yana iya karanta faifan NTFS amma ba ya rubuta musu ba tare da ƙarin software ba. Wasu Smart TVs ko 'yan wasan kafofin watsa labarai kawai ba sa gane tsarin, ko kuma kawai wani ɓangare ne kawai.
Saboda wannan dalili, ana ba da shawarar NTFS a matsayin babban tsarin fayil don faifai na ciki a cikin Windows da faifai na waje waɗanda za ku yi amfani da su kawai tare da kwamfutocin Windows. Lokacin da macOS, Linux, consoles, ko TVs suka fara aiki, ya kamata a yi la'akari da wasu tsarin fayil. exFAT don guje wa tsoro.
ReFS: magajin da ya ci gaba, har yanzu bai dace sosai ba
ReFS (Tsarin Fayil Mai Juriya) yunƙurin Microsoft ne na wuce NTFS. An yi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru a cikin yanayin sabar da cibiyar bayanai, kuma a cikin sabbin sigogin Windows 11 ya fara bayyana don wasu takamaiman amfani.
Ƙarfinsa ya ta'allaka ne da aiki da juriyarsa ga fayiloli da yawa, koda kuwa yana mu'amala da ƙananan fayiloli ko ayyuka masu yawa. Daidaituwa ta yanzu tana da iyaka sosai.: a takaice dai an takaita shi ne ga takamaiman yanayi a cikin Windows 11 na zamani.
Ga matsakaicin mai amfani da gida, ReFS ba zaɓi ne mai amfani ba. Ba za ku iya amfani da shi a talabijin, na'urorin wasan bidiyo, sauran tsarin aiki, ko tsoffin sigogin Windows ba. Don haka, sai dai idan kuna da takamaiman buƙata, ya fi kyau ku manta da shi yanzu.
EXT2/3/4, HFS/APFS da sauran tsare-tsare a wajen Windows
A cikin Linux, dangin EXT (EXT2, EXT3, EXT4) sune ma'aunin de facto. LABARI4 Ita ce sigar da aka fi amfani da ita a yanzu, tare da inganta aiki, sarrafa manyan fayiloli, da kuma aminci. Ya dace da tsarin da raba bayanai a cikin yanayin Linux.
Windows ba ta fahimci EXT a zahiri ba, don haka idan kun tsara faifai a cikin EXT4 don Linux, daga Windows za ku buƙaci kayan aikin ɓangare na uku ko Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) don samun damar wannan bayanan, yawanci daga na'urar wasan bidiyo.
A nata ɓangaren, Apple yana amfani da APFS a cikin sigar zamani ta macOS da iOS. A da, HFS ko HFS+ ya zama ruwan dare, kuma ana iya samun waɗannan a tsoffin na'urori ko faifan ajiya na Time Machine.
Ana iya ɗaukar APFS daidai da NTFS a cikin tsarin Apple: an tsara shi don SSDs, tare da kyakkyawan aiki, ɓoyewa, hotuna, da gudanarwa mai ci gaba. HFS + Zai zama wani abu kamar FAT32 mai "souped-up", kodayake tare da ingantaccen tallafi ga manyan fayiloli.
A wayoyin Android, EXT4 da F2FS sune manyan tsare-tsare don ƙwaƙwalwar ciki. Farashin F2FS An ƙirƙiri shi musamman don ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta flash, kodayake yana da iyaka ta girman fayil 4GB wanda zai iya zama da wahala a wasu yanayi, yayin da EXT4 ba shi da wannan ƙuntatawa.
Tsarin fayil da teburin rabawa (MBR da GPT)
Bai kamata a rikita tsarin fayil ɗin da teburin rabawa ba. Tsarin fayil ɗin (FAT32, exFAT, NTFS, EXT4, da sauransu) yana bayyana yadda ake tsara bayanai da kuma sarrafa su a cikin wani bangare. Teburin rabawa, a gefe guda, shine ma'aunin da ke bayyana yadda ake raba sararin faifai na zahiri zuwa bangare ɗaya ko fiye.
Teburin rabawa yana adana bayanai kamar wuraren farawa da ƙarshen kowane bangare, nau'in tsarin fayil ɗin da yake ɗauke da shi, ko ana iya booting shi, karanta-kawai, da sauransu. Ba tare da teburin rabawa mai daidaito ba, tsarin aiki bazai iya gane faifai daidai ba ko kuma yana iya nuna shi azaman "faifan da ba a fara ba."
Tsarin guda biyu mafi yawan amfani sune MBR (Babban Rikodin Boot) da GPT (Teburin Bangaren GUID)MBR tsari ne na gargajiya, wanda ya dace sosai da tsoffin BIOS da na'urori, amma yana da iyaka a girma da adadin sassan.
GPT shine ma'aunin zamani, wanda aka tsara don UEFI. Yana ba da damar manyan faifai, ƙarin ɓangarori, da fasaloli masu tasowa kamar Secure Boot. Windows 11 da daga baya suna buƙatar GPT don tsarin drive. Duk da haka, wasu na'urori na asali (TVs, masu kunna kafofin watsa labarai masu araha) ƙila ba za su goyi bayan GPT ba kuma suna iya karanta faifan MBR kawai.
A aikace, tsarin rarrabawa da tsarin fayil suna aiki ne ta hanyar tebur na rabawa. Layer biyu daban-dabanDa farko, za ku bayyana yadda ake raba faifai (MBR/GPT), sannan kuma wane tsarin fayil ake amfani da shi a kowane bangare. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna da wannan bambanci don guje wa ruɗani a cikin ra'ayoyi yayin tsarawa.
FAT32 da NTFS da exFAT: kwatanta kai tsaye
Tsakanin FAT32 da NTFS, bambanci mafi bayyana shine matsakaicin girman fayil. FAT32 yana goyan bayan fayiloli har zuwa 4 GB kawaiNTFS yana ba da damar fayiloli har zuwa 16 TB, wanda a aikace "ba shi da iyaka" don amfanin gida na yau da kullun.
Akwai kuma gibi a cikin ƙarfin rabawa: FAT32 yawanci yana amfani da har zuwa TB 2, yayin da NTFS ke ƙaruwa zuwa ƙarfi. Idan kuna da faifai fiye da TB 2 da kuke son amfani da shi gaba ɗaya, kuna buƙatar NTFS (ko wani tsarin zamani) don kada a ɓata sarari.
Idan aka kwatanta FAT32 da exFAT, fa'idar exFAT ita ce girman. exFAT na iya sarrafa fayiloli iri ɗaya kamar NTFS (16 TB) da kuma manyan kundin bayanai, yayin da FAT32 ya makale a 4 GB a kowace fayil. Idan faifai naka yana da fiye da 4 GB na iya aiki, amfani da FAT32 ba shi da wani fa'ida fiye da exFAT sai dai dacewa da tsoffin na'urori.
Tsakanin exFAT da NTFS, matsakaicin girman fayil ɗin yana kama da juna. Babban bambanci shine dacewa: exFAT yana aiki ta hanyar da ta fi ta halitta Ana amfani da NTFS akan Windows, macOS, da kuma rarraba Linux da yawa, TVs, da na'urori masu kwakwalwa. NTFS mallakar Microsoft ne kuma akan wasu tsarin galibi ana iyakance shi ko kuma ana tallafawa shi ne kawai ta hanyar direbobin waje.
Idan za ku haɗa drive ɗin zuwa wasu tsarin aiki ko na'urori kamar talabijin, exFAT yawanci shine mafi aminci a cikin fareIdan ka san za ka yi amfani da shi ne kawai da Windows, NTFS zai ba ka ƙarin fasali da aiki.
Aiki: Wanne tsarin fayil ne ya fi sauri?
A ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun, duk tsare-tsare guda uku (FAT32, exFAT, da NTFS) na iya amfani da cikakken fa'idar faifan sauri, ko USB 3.0, SSD ko NVMe. Duk da haka, akwai wasu bambance-bambance dangane da nau'in fayil ɗin da aikin da ake yi.
Da ƙananan fayiloli, NTFS yawanci shine mafi inganciA gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun, rubuta ƙananan fayiloli zuwa NTFS na iya zama har zuwa kashi 40% cikin sauri fiye da FAT32, yayin da exFAT yana da kusan kashi 25% cikin sauri fiye da FAT32. NTFS kuma yana da fa'ida lokacin karanta waɗannan ƙananan fayiloli, kodayake saurin yana ɗan ƙasa.
Idan ana maganar manyan fayiloli, bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin FAT32, exFAT, da NTFS kusan sun ɓace. Duk suna bayar da aiki iri ɗaya, tare da bambance-bambancen kusan 5% waɗanda ba a iya gani sosai a amfani da su a zahiri, muddin tashar jiragen ruwa (USB 3.0 vs. 2.0) ba matsala ba ce.
Lokacin kwafi manyan fayiloli (hotunan ISO, bidiyo na 4K, cikakken madadin bayanai), FAT32 bai dace ba saboda iyakar 4GB ɗinsa, don haka ainihin zaɓin shine tsakanin exFAT da NTFS. Aiki zai yi kama sosai, don haka aikin zai yi kama da na baya, don haka karfinsu Shi ne kuma abin da ke da muhimmanci.
Yarjejeniyar na'urori: Kwamfutoci, wayoyin hannu, TVs da na'urori masu auna sigina
Windows yana da sassauƙa sosai: yana fahimtar FAT32, exFAT, da NTFS ba tare da wata matsala ba. Ga faifan ciki da faifai masu ɗaukar nauyin aiki, NTFS shine zaɓin da aka ba da shawararGa na'urorin da za a iya cirewa daga Windows, exFAT shine mafi kyawun zaɓi.
macOS na iya karanta NTFS amma ba koyaushe yake rubutawa ba tare da taimakon waje. Tare da FAT32 da exFAT, a gefe guda, yana iya karantawa da rubutu ba tare da iyakancewa ba, wanda hakan ke sa su zama masu sauƙi. Zaɓuɓɓuka masu kyau don fayafai tsakanin Mac da PC.
Linux yana aiki cikin kwanciyar hankali tare da FAT32 da exFAT, kuma yana iya samun damar NTFS godiya ga direbobi kamar NTFS-3G, kodayake a can kuna dogara da aiwatarwa banda na Microsoft.
A kan na'urorin wasan bidiyo, PlayStation da Xbox gabaɗaya suna karɓar FAT32 da exFAT don na'urorin waje. Na'urorin wasan bidiyo na Sony ba sa rubutu sosai zuwa NTFS, yayin da Xbox ya ɗan fi sassauƙa, amma idan kuna son kasancewa a gefen aminci, FAT32/exFAT shine hanyar da za a bi.
Talabijin na Android yawanci suna tallafawa tsarin fayiloli ne kawai da ke amfani da FAT. Idan ka haɗa kebul na USB ko rumbun kwamfutarka na waje, Talabijin ɗin yana duba shi, kuma idan ya gano tsarin da ba a goyan baya ba, yawanci yana ba da shawarar tsara shi zuwa FAT don tabbatar da cewa yana aiki. Zai fi kyau a bar Talabijin ta yi tsarin farko idan galibi za ka yi amfani da faifai ne don wannan dalili.
Wanne tsarin fayil za a zaɓa a kowane hali
Ga ƙaramin faifai na USB inda za ku adana takardu ko ƙananan fayiloli kawai, FAT32 har yanzu yana aiki kuma yana da matuƙar dacewa, musamman idan za ku haɗa shi da tsoffin kwamfutoci, na'urorin sauti na mota ko na'urori masu "fussy".
Idan kana buƙatar motsa fayiloli sama da 4 GB tsakanin Windows, macOS, da Linux, exFAT Wannan shine tsarin da aka ba da shawarar. Ya dace da manyan rumbunan waje da ake amfani da su don adana bayanai ko kuma don jigilar bidiyo masu inganci.
Idan duk yanayin ku na Windows ne kuma kuna son samun mafi kyawun amfani da rumbun kwamfutarka na ciki ko na wasa, NTFS Wannan shi ne matakin da aka bayyana. Yana ba da damar manyan fayiloli, yana sarrafa rarrabuwar kawuna da kyau, kuma yana ba da zaɓuɓɓukan tsaro da madadin ci gaba.
Idan kana zaune a cikin tsarin Apple kuma kana amfani da Macs da sauran na'urorin Apple kawai, abu ne na halitta ka ci gaba da zama a ciki APFS Ga faifan tsarin, ana amfani da HFS+ akan wasu faifan waje ko tsoffin madadin Time Machine. Duk da haka, ga faifan da aka raba tare da Windows, exFAT shine sake zaɓin yarjejeniya.
Idan yanayinka ya ta'allaka ne akan Linux kuma za a yi amfani da na'urorin ne kawai akan tsarin GNU/Linux, LABARI4 Wannan shine madaidaicin mizani. Don rabawa tare da Windows da Mac, za ku sake amfani da exFAT.
Canza tsarin fayil: tsara ko canza
Idan kana son canza tsarin fayil ɗin drive ɗinka, kana da zaɓuɓɓuka biyu: tsara ko canza. Tsarin yana goge komai kuma yana ƙirƙirar tsarin fayil daga farko; canza yunƙurin canza tsarin ba tare da rasa bayanai ba.
Tsarin tsari shine zaɓi mafi sauƙi kuma mafi gama gari. Daga Windows Explorer, Disk Management, ko kayan aiki makamantan su a macOS da Linux, zaku iya zaɓar drive ɗin, zaɓi FAT32, exFAT, NTFS, EXT, da sauransu, sannan ku yi amfani da canjin. Duk da haka, wannan zai goge duk abubuwan da ke ciki, don haka adanawa kafin lokaci yana da mahimmanci.
Amfanin tsara fayiloli shine cewa zaku iya canzawa zuwa kusan kowace tsarin fayil (FAT32 → exFAT, NTFS → FAT32, da sauransu), yayin da masu canza fayiloli galibi suna da iyaka. Wannan shine zaɓi mafi kyau ga sabbin faifan diski ko faifai inda ba kwa buƙatar adana bayanan da ke akwai.
Kayan aikin juyawa marasa asara suna ba ku damar canzawa tsakanin FAT32 da NTFS ba tare da tsarawa ba, wanda ke da amfani lokacin da faifai ɗin ke cike da fayiloli masu mahimmanci. Shirye-shiryen ɓangare na uku (manajojin rabawa) suna ba da wannan aikin kuma, a wasu lokuta, har ma da juyawa zuwa tsarin Linux EXT.
Kafin amfani da na'urar canzawa (converter), har yanzu yana da kyau a sami madadin, domin duk wani gazawar wutar lantarki, raguwar haɗi, ko kurakurai na iya barin na'urar a cikin yanayi mara daidaituwa. Amma idan komai ya tafi daidai, za ku iya samun tsari mafi dacewa ba tare da wahalar motsa ɗaruruwan gigabytes a wani wuri ba.
Kurakuran tsarin fayil da aka saba yi da kuma yadda ake magance su
Idan tsarin fayil ya lalace ko kuma akwai rashin daidaito, saƙonni masu ban mamaki suna fara bayyana: "ƙaramin bai ƙunshi tsarin fayil da aka sani ba", "fayil ɗin ya yi girma sosai ga tsarin fayil ɗin da za a nufa", faifan RAW, Fuskokin shuɗi masu alaƙa da NTFS, Da dai sauransu
Dalilan na iya zama da yawa: ƙwayoyin cuta, katsewar wutar lantarki, cire haɗin kebul ɗin ba tare da fitar da shi baKatsewar kwafin fayiloli, munanan sassa, kurakuran raba fayiloli… Duk waɗannan na iya lalata bayanai kuma su bar faifai ba za a iya shiga ba.
Idan har yanzu faifan yana bayyana a cikin tsarin duk da cewa ba za ka iya buɗe shi ba, fifikon shine ƙoƙarin dawo da bayanai ta amfani da software na musamman kafin gwaji. Kayan aiki da yawa suna ba ka damar duba ɓangarorin FAT16/32, exFAT, da NTFS, koda kuwa tsarin ya yi musu alama a matsayin RAW.
A cikin Windows, mataki na farko shine amfani da kayan aikin duba kurakurai (ScanDisk/CHKDSK): danna-dama akan faifai → Kayayyaki → shafin Kayan aiki → Duba. Wannan kayan aikin yana bincika kuma yana gyara kurakuran tsarin fayil na yau da kullun.
Idan matsalar ta fi tsanani (sassan da suka lalace, teburin raba faifai da ya lalace, ƙwayoyin cuta), zai zama dole a haɗa dawo da bayanai, kayan aikin gyara na ƙasa, sannan, a matsayin mafita ta ƙarshe, a tsara kuma a sake ƙirƙirar ɓangaren. Shi ya sa yake da matuƙar muhimmanci a sami madadin yau da kullun.
Fahimtar abin da ke bambanta exFAT, FAT32, FAT, da FAT16, da kuma yadda suka dace da NTFS, EXT, ko APFS yana ba ku damar zaɓi tsarin da ya dace don kowane naúrarGuji iyakokin girman fayiloli marasa kyau, rage kurakurai, kuma tabbatar da cewa faifan diski, katunan ku, da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya suna aiki a inda kuke buƙatar su, daga PC ɗin Windows zuwa Smart TV ko na'urar wasan bidiyo ta zamani.
