Wasu tsarin aiki suna zuwa suna tafiya ba tare da wani gagarumin ci gaba ba, yayin da wasu kuma ke nuna wani sauyi. Windows 95 ya faɗi kai tsaye cikin rukuni na biyuya zama wani abu na fasaha, al'adu da kasuwanci wanda har yanzu muke tunawa da shi shekaru talatin bayan ƙaddamar da shi.
Fiye da sabuntawa kawai, Windows 95 shine babban ci gaban da Microsoft ta samu a fannin sarrafa kwamfuta mai yawaYa canza yadda muka kunna kwamfutocinmu, yadda muka shigar da shirye-shirye, yadda muka haɗa da intanet, har ma da yadda muka fahimci kwamfutar a gida da kuma a ofis. Bari mu yi nazari sosai kan abin da ya sa ta zama ta musamman, yadda aka shigar da ita, kayan aikin da take buƙata, nawa ne kuɗinta, rawar da ta taka wajen faɗaɗa intanet, da kuma dalilin da ya sa har yanzu ake tattaunawa a kai.
Kaddamarwa da ta yi kama da taron al'adu
Lokacin da Microsoft ta yanke shawarar sakin Windows 95, ba wai kawai sun sanya shi a shaguna ba, amma hakan ne kawai. Kamfanin ya ƙaddamar da wani kamfen na tallatawa wanda ba a taɓa gani ba don sayar da softwareAna ɗaukarsa kamar wani fim mai ban sha'awa a Hollywood. Waƙar Rolling Stones mai suna "Start Me Up," wadda aka yi amfani da ita a tallan talabijin, ta dace sosai saboda sabon tsarin ya haɗa da maɓallin Farawa a karon farko.
Wannan caca ta talla ta kasance abin takaici a lokacin: Ana maganar jarin da ya kai dala miliyan 300 a fannin tallatawa kawai.Daga cikinsu, kimanin miliyan 14 ne za a biya su ga takardun sarauta na Rolling Stones. Sakamakon haka, ƙaddamar da Windows 95 ya kasance abin da ya faru a zamantakewa: layukan tsakar dare a shaguna, labaran manyan kafofin watsa labarai, da kuma miliyoyin masu amfani da ke son biyan kuɗi mai kyau don sabon tsarin.
Ko da yake yana iya yin kama da ƙari, An ga tasirin tattalin arziki na harba makamin tun daga ranar farko.A cikin waɗannan sa'o'i 24 na farko kawai, an kiyasta cewa Microsoft ta sami kusan dala miliyan 700-720 a tallace-tallace. A cikin shekarar farko, an sayar da kusan kwafi miliyan 40, kuma sama da masana'antun kayan aiki 400 sun riga sun shigar da shi a kwamfutocinsu, da kuma yiwuwar hakan. keɓance bayanan OEM Ya sauƙaƙa daidaita kayan aikin, tare da akwai wasu aikace-aikace 4.500 masu jituwa.
Haɗin kai tsakanin MS-DOS da Windows: sabon wurin farawa
Kafin Windows 95, yanayin ya fi rikitarwa ga matsakaicin mai amfani: ko kuma kun yi aiki kai tsaye tare da MS-DOS ta amfani da umarni Ko kuma ka yi amfani da Windows 3.x a matsayin wani tsari mai zane a saman wannan DOS, tare da sauƙin amfani amma ƙarancin hanyar sadarwa kuma ba ta dace da abin da muka fahimta a yau a matsayin tsarin aiki na tebur ba.
Tare da sabon sigar, Microsoft ya ɗauki matakin ƙarshe zuwa ga yanayin haɗin gwiwa wanda ke farawa kai tsaye zuwa cikin WindowsMai amfani zai kunna kwamfutar kuma wata hanyar zane mai kyau ta zamani za ta bayyana, tare da maɓallin Farawa, taskbar da ke ƙasa, da tagogi waɗanda aka sarrafa su da kyau. Wannan hanyar ta wakilci babban ci gaba a cikin amfani kuma ta kafa harsashi wanda, tare da gyare-gyare da yawa, har yanzu muna amfani da shi a yau.
Har ila yau, Windows 95 shine farkon farko na tsarin 32-bit a cikin tsarin tsarin Windows na masu amfani.Wannan ya ba da damar ingantaccen sarrafa RAM, kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, da kuma aiki da yawa fiye da sigar da ta gabata. Tare da wannan, ingantaccen tallafin kayan aiki da na gefe ya sanya tsarin ya zama dandamali mai kyau don aiki, wasa, da haɗin gwiwa.
Manyan sabbin fasahohin zamani: daga Plug and Play zuwa FAT-32
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa game da Windows 95 shine tsarin aiki mai ƙarfi. Toshe da Play. Wannan fasaha ta ba tsarin damar ganowa da saitawa kusan ta atomatik lokacin da aka haɗa wani na'ura mai jituwa.Har zuwa lokacin, shigar da katin sauti, firinta, ko katin sadarwa na iya zama ƙaramin mafarki na tsalle-tsalle, IRQs, da direbobi. Tare da Windows 95, ƙwarewar, kodayake ba ta cika ba, ta inganta sosai kuma ta sa amfani da gida da na ƙwararru ya fi sauƙi.
Wani muhimmin sabon abu kuma shine goyon bayan da aka yi wa Sunayen fayiloli da manyan fayiloli, har zuwa haruffa 255A cikin tsararraki da suka gabata, dole ne ka yi amfani da tsarin 8.3 (haruffa takwas, wani lokaci, da kuma tsawaita haruffa uku), wanda hakan ya tilasta maka rubuta sunaye masu ɓoye. Tare da Windows 95, ba da sunaye masu bayanin takardu da kundin adireshi ya zama na biyu, kuma ya zama kamar sihiri idan aka kwatanta da da.
Yin aiki da yawa ya ɗauki babban mataki: Windows 95 ya inganta ikon gudanar da aikace-aikace da yawa a lokaci guda ba tare da tsarin ya ragu sosai ba. Bugu da ƙari, aikin taskbar ya zama cibiyar kulawa mai mahimmanci don sauya tagogi, ganin waɗanne shirye-shirye ne ke buɗewa, da kuma ingantaccen sarrafa ayyukan aiki.
Bayan lokaci, Microsoft ya inganta tsarin ta hanyar amfani da wasu sabbin kayan aiki da kuma sabbin kayan aiki Sun ƙara muhimman abubuwa kamar tsarin fayil ɗin FAT-32 (wanda ya fi inganci tare da manyan faifai), tallafi ga tashoshin USB, bas ɗin UDMA don ingantaccen canja wurin bayanai, da kuma tashar AGP da aka tsara don ƙarin katunan zane-zane masu ƙarfi. Duk waɗannan sun taimaka wa Windows 95 kafa harsashin PC na zamani a matsayin dandamali don aiki da nishaɗi.
Bukatun kayan aiki: daga 4 MB na RAM zuwa 4 GB na yanzu
Idan aka duba daga mahangar yau, mafi ƙarancin buƙatun Windows 95 suna kama da wasa, amma a lokacin sun kasance masu matuƙar muhimmanci. Microsoft ya ba da shawarar na'urar sarrafawa ta Intel 80386 a matsayin tsarin asali (tauraron 386), 4 MB na RAM, kimanin 55 MB na sararin rumbun kwamfutarka kyauta da katin zane mai dacewa da ƙudurin VGA.
Domin samun mafi kyawun amfani da tsarin, musamman idan kuna son yin ayyuka da yawa cikin sauƙi da kuma haɗawa da intanet, Kamfanin ya ba da shawarar na'urar sarrafa Intel Pentium ko makamancin haka.8 MB na RAM, kusan 80 MB na sararin ajiya, da kuma na'urar saka idanu mai iya sarrafa ƙudurin SVGA. A aikace, masu amfani da yawa ba su da isasshen albarkatu, amma wannan haɗin "shawarar" ya ba da kyakkyawar ƙwarewa a lokacin.
Idan muka kwatanta shi da buƙatun Windows 11 na yanzu, za mu iya ganin yadda labarin ya canza. A yau, mafi ƙarancin shine kusan 4 GB na RAM da kusan 64 GB na ajiyaBaya ga ƙudurin allo na akalla 720p, idan aka kwatanta da 480p na zamanin Windows 95, akwai kuma buƙatar tsarin TPM da kuma wajibcin shiga da asusun Microsoft a mafi yawan yanayi—buƙatun da masu amfani da yawa ke ƙoƙarin kauce wa saboda suna ganin suna da ban haushi ko kuma ba dole ba ne.
Nawa ne kudin Windows 95 kuma ta yaya tsarin lasisin ya canza?
A zamaninsa. Windows 95 ba shi da arha sosai: lasisin ya kai kusan $209An daidaita shi da hauhawar farashin kaya, wannan adadin ya kusa dala $400 a yau. An rarraba tsarin a kan CD-ROM lokacin da wannan tsari ya fara yaɗuwa, kodayake akwai kuma sigar diski mai yawan gaske guda 13 ga waɗancan kwamfutocin da ba su da faifai na CD tukuna.
Farashin bai rage tallace-tallace ba: Alkaluman da aka samu daga ranar farko da shekarar farko sun nuna cewa kasuwa ta shirya biyan kudi Godiya ga wannan haɗin fasahar zamani da kuma kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai marasa ɗorewa, Microsoft ta riga ta sami kuɗi mai yawa ta amfani da sigar da ta gabata, amma Windows 95 ta ƙarfafa ikonta na kan tebur, wanda ya sanya Bill Gates ya zama mutum mafi arziki a duniya tsawon shekaru.
A kan lokaci, Dabarun kasuwancin Microsoft sun canza sosaiMisali, da Windows 10, kamfanin ya bayar da haɓakawa kyauta ga masu amfani da lasisin Windows 7 da Windows 8.x na halal, muddin kayan aikinsu sun dace. Daga baya, sun maimaita wannan dabarar ta hanyar ba da damar haɓakawa kyauta daga Windows 10 zuwa Windows 11, a yunƙurin kawo yawancin masu amfani zuwa sabuwar sigar.
A yau, Lasisin hukuma na Windows 11 yana da farashi daban-daban dangane da sigar.Sigar Home tana kashe kimanin €145, yayin da sigar Pro take kusan €259. A lokaci guda, yana da sauƙi a sami lasisi mai rahusa (kusan €15-20) wanda ake sayarwa azaman maɓallan amfani guda ɗaya ga PC ɗaya, waɗanda suka bambanta sosai da lasisin dillalan Microsoft waɗanda za a iya kashewa akan kwamfuta ɗaya sannan a sake amfani da su akan wata.
Windows 95 da kuma dimokuradiyya na hanyar zane-zane
Idan muka yi tunanin yadda ake amfani da fasahar zane-zane, Macintosh na Apple, wanda aka ƙaddamar a shekarar 1984, yawanci yakan zo mana a rai. Duk da haka, Dangane da girma da isa ga duniya, Windows 95 shine ainihin ma'aunin GUI. ga jama'a. Ba zato ba tsammani, miliyoyin masu amfani waɗanda ba su taɓa kwamfuta ba sun sami kansu da tagogi, gumaka, da linzamin kwamfuta wanda ke ba su damar sarrafa komai cikin sauƙi.
Tsarin Windows na Kwamfuta na ƙarni na huɗu Ya mayar da PC ɗin wani kayan aiki na gida kawai a gida da kuma a ofisMutanen da ba su ma mallaki kwamfuta ba sun yi gaggawar siyan ɗaya, ta hanyar talla da matsin lamba na zamantakewa don "samun Windows." Menu na Farawa da taskbar sun zama abubuwan da aka saba gani, shekaru 30 bayan haka, duk wani sauyi da Microsoft ta gabatar musu har yanzu yana haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce.
Wannan tsari mai dorewa, wanda ya dogara ne akan windows da gajerun hanyoyi, Ya kafa tsarin hulɗa wanda har yanzu yana tasiri ga ƙirar tsarin aiki na yanzu.Duk da cewa an inganta shi kuma an daidaita shi da allon taɓawa, kwamfyutocin tafi-da-gidanka masu haske, da sauransu, ainihin ma'anar da Windows 95 ta kafa ta kasance kusan ba ta lalace ba.
Matsayin Windows 95 a faɗaɗa intanet
Bayan hanyar sadarwa da tallatawa, wataƙila babban tasirin Windows 95 shine yadda muke haɗawa da hanyar sadarwa. Yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun tsarin da suka haɗa da ayyukan da ake buƙata don shiga intanet a matsayin na yau da kullun.haɗa ka'idoji kamar TCP/IP da PPP ba tare da tilasta wa mai amfani ya shigar da ƙarin kayan aiki ko magance tsare-tsare marasa fahimta ba.
Har sai lokacin, Shiga intanet ya ƙunshi shigar da ƙarin software kamar NCSA Mosaic ko Netscape Navigator. kuma suna yin saitunan fasaha masu wahala, wani abu da aka keɓe ga masu sha'awar ko ƙwararru. Tare da Windows 95, abin da kawai ake buƙata shine modem da layin waya don matsakaicin mai amfani ya sami damar shiga hanyar sadarwar kai tsaye daga tsarin aiki, wanda hakan ya hanzarta ɗaukar intanet a duk duniya.
A cikin layi daya, Microsoft ya fara rarraba Internet Explorer a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarinDa farko, kusan ƙari ne, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya zama babban ɓangare na ƙwarewar Windows. Wannan matakin, wanda mutane da yawa suka ɗauka a matsayin tarihi, ya kawar da Netscape a hankali, wanda shi ne shugaban da ba a jayayya a cikin masu bincike har zuwa lokacin. Daga baya, zai haifar da faɗace-faɗace na shari'a kan cin zarafin matsayin kasuwa mai rinjaye, amma a cikin shekarun 90, yana nufin miliyoyin masu amfani sun shiga yanar gizo a karon farko tare da alamar IE akan tebur ɗin su.
Bill Gates, wanda ya san da wannan sauyi, Har ma ya rubuta sanannen rubutun "The Internet Tidal Wave"A cikinsa, ya jaddada yuwuwar hanyar sadarwa a matsayin babban dandamalin kwamfuta na gaba. Ko da yake Microsoft da farko ta yi la'akari da karɓar ƙarin kuɗi don wasu fasaloli masu alaƙa da intanet, kasuwa da hankali a ƙarshe sun nuna cewa duk waɗannan ya kamata a haɗa su a matsayin daidaitattun abubuwa. Tun daga lokacin, haɗin kai tsakanin tsarin aiki da haɗin kan layi ya zama al'ada, wani abu da muke ɗauka da wasa a yau.
Mai girki mai hazaka kamar yadda yake cikin rudani
Duk da cewa shigar da tsarin aiki a yau yawanci yana farawa ne da booting daga kebul na USB da bin mayen zane, a shekarar 1995 lamarin ya sha bamban sosai. Shigar da Windows 95 ya ƙunshi amfani da tsarin aiki guda uku daban-daban a jere., wani abu na musamman da Microsoft ba ta maimaita irin wannan dabarar ba.
A lokacin aikin, mai amfani ya shiga cikin yanayi daban-daban guda ukuDa farko, manhajar yanayin rubutu a ƙarƙashin MS-DOS, sannan ƙaramin sigar Windows 3.1, sannan a ƙarshe sabon yanayin zane mai girman bit 32 na Windows 95. Wannan nau'in "dodan Frankenstein" ba wani abu bane mai sauƙi, amma mafita ce mai amfani ga matsalolin fasaha da daidaito da suka fuskanta a teburin.
Raymond Chen, wani tsohon injiniyan Microsoft, ya bayyana shekaru bayan haka cewa Dole ne Microsoft ya yi la'akari da muhimman abubuwa uku don shigarwaMasu amfani daga MS-DOS, masu amfani da suka riga suka yi amfani da Windows 3.1, da kuma masu amfani da suka riga suka shigar da Windows 95 waɗanda ke son gyara ko sake shigar da su. Mafi sauƙi madadin zai kasance ƙirƙirar masu shigarwa guda uku daban-daban, amma hakan zai ƙara sarkakiya da kuma kula da lambar sosai.
Maimakon raba ƙoƙarin, Injiniyoyin sun tsara jerin shirye-shirye waɗanda suka yi aiki a dukkan yanayi uku.Mataki na farko ya gudana a ƙarƙashin MS-DOS kuma shi ne ke da alhakin shirya tsarin. Na gaba, an ƙaddamar da ƙaramin yanayin Windows 3.1, wanda ya isa ya gudanar da mai saka hoto mai girman bit 16. Wannan mayen ya tattara mafi yawan bayanan daidaitawa kuma ya gano kayan aikin. Mataki na uku kuma na ƙarshe, wanda ke gudana akan tushen Win32 na Windows 95, ya kammala ayyuka kamar shigar da firintoci da na'urori masu haɗawa.
A wani lokaci, an yi la'akari da ƙirƙirar sigar "mini" mai nauyin bit 32 na Windows 95 don mai sakawa kawai, amma an yi la'akari da ƙirƙirar sigar "mini" mai nauyin bit 32 na Windows 95 don mai sakawa kawai, Tawagar ta ƙi amincewa da ra'ayin saboda tsauraran wa'adin da aka ɗauka da kuma kwafi na lambar da ke cikinta.Bugu da ƙari, ana bin wata ƙa'ida ta ciki wadda ba a rubuta ba: don tilasta wa mai amfani ya sake farawa kaɗan a cikin lokaci kaɗan. Tsarin da ya fi girma zai iya nufin ƙarin sake farawa da kuma tsari mai wahala ga matsakaicin mai amfani.
Sautin farawa, wasanni, da al'adun jama'a
Windows 95 ba wai kawai ta bar masa alama a zahiri ba; ta kuma yi hakan ne don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da motsin rai. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ba za a manta da su ba shine... Waƙar buɗewa, wadda Brian Eno ya rubutaKamfanin Microsoft ya aika masa da jerin kalmomi kusan 150 don ƙarfafa shi—kalmomi kamar “mai ban sha'awa,” “mai ban mamaki,” “mai tayar da hankali,” da “mai motsin rai”—kuma ya roƙe shi ya tattara su duka cikin daƙiƙa 3,8 kacal. Labarin mai ban sha'awa shine cewa Eno da kansa ya yarda cewa ya ƙirƙiri wannan rubutun ta amfani da Mac saboda ba ya son Windows.
A fagen nishadantarwa. Windows 95 ya inganta ƙwarewar wasannin PC sosaiKuma a yau yana yiwuwa Farfaɗo da wasanni na Windows 95 da 98 a cikin tsarin zamani. Ingantaccen tsarin sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwa, tsarin gine-gine na bit 32, da kuma sabbin abubuwa kamar DirectX da ingantaccen tallafi ga kayan aikin zane sun taimaka wajen ƙarfafa PC a matsayin dandamalin wasanni, wani abu da Microsoft ke amfani da shi tsawon shekaru da yawa, kusan yana mamaye wannan ɓangaren da wasu zaɓuɓɓuka kamar tsarkakkun DOS ko wasu tsarin.
Baya ga duk abubuwan da ke sama, hoton masu amfani da ke layi don siyan akwatunan zahiri tare da faifan diski 13 Kuma ta hanyar biyan sama da dala $200, ya taimaka wa Windows 95 ta zama kamar ta daɗe a cikin al'adun jama'a. A yau, abin mamaki ne a kwatanta ta da yanayin da Windows 11 ke ciki, wani nau'in da masu amfani da yawa ba sa son shigar da shi ko da kuwa haɓakawa kyauta ne.
Shin yana da ma'ana a yi amfani da Windows 95 a yau?
Idan wani ya sami ra'ayin komawa ga Windows 95 a matsayin babban tsarin aiki, Gaskiyar magana ita ce ba ta da wani matsayi a rayuwar yau da kullumZai iya zama da amfani, tare da iyakoki da yawa, ga ayyuka masu sauƙi kamar rubuta takardu, yin maƙunsar bayanai masu sauƙi ko shirya gabatarwa tare da tsoffin sigogin Office, amma ba komai ba.
Babban diddigewar Achilles yana cikin yanar gizo na zamani: Internet Explorer na Windows 95 bai dace da fasahar zamani baHTML5 ko ƙa'idodin tsaro da aiki da ake da su ba su dace ba. A mafi kyau, idan shafi ya sami damar lodawa, allon zai ragu zuwa rubutu mara tsari. Haka kuma babu sabunta tallafin direba ko facin tsaro, wanda hakan ke sa duk wani haɗin yanar gizo daga wannan yanayin ba wai kawai ba shi da amfani ba har ma yana da haɗari.
Tare da komai, Windows 95 ya kasance abin sha'awa da kuma tunawa ga masu sha'awar da yawa.Akwai hotuna da aka shirya don gudanar da su a cikin injunan kama-da-wane, ayyukan da ke sa ya yi aiki a cikin mai bincike mai sauƙi, har ma da sigar da aka haɗa da Electron wanda wani mai haɓaka Slack ya ƙirƙira. Wannan na ƙarshe an rarraba shi azaman aikace-aikacen Windows, Linux, da macOS, kuma kodayake ba asalinsa ba ne, yana aiki daidai don gyara tsohon tsarin da tunawa da yadda kwamfutar tebur take a tsakiyar shekarun 90.
Yaushe wani tsari daga 1995 zai ci gaba da mulkin gona a 2025?
Bayan abubuwan da suka faru na kewar tarihi, akwai wasu lokutan da Windows 95 ya ci gaba da zama ginshiƙin tsarin samar da kayayyaki na gaskeƊaya daga cikin misalan da suka fi burgewa shine na wata gonar kaji ta Jamus wadda ta shahara a fannin ci gaba da amfani da wannan tsarin aiki shekaru 30 bayan ƙaddamar da shi.
Mai gonar, Peter Huber, Yana aiki da babban injin tantance ƙwai wanda ya mamaye kusan murabba'in mita 40Wannan tsarin sarrafa kansa yana sarrafa kuma yana rarraba kusan ƙwai 40.000 kowace rana gwargwadon nauyi, asali, da inganci. Duk tsarin sarrafa kansa ya dogara ne akan takamaiman software da aka tsara don Windows 95, don haka sabunta tsarin aiki zai haifar da babban haɗarin dakatar da layin samarwa na tsawon lokaci mara iyaka.
A wannan yanayin, tsaron intanet ba shi da wani muhimmanci sosai saboda Kayayyakin hanyar sadarwa na gonar sun keɓe gaba ɗaya daga intanetBabban ciwon kai, duk da haka, shine wani abu daban gaba ɗaya: kayan aikin. Lokacin da wani ɓangaren ya lalace - rumbun kwamfuta, firinta, tsohon kati - samun maye gurbin da ya dace da Windows 95 ya zama ƙaramin rashin aiki, wanda ke ƙara rikitarwa yayin da lokaci ke tafiya.
Haɓaka dukkan kayayyakin more rayuwa zuwa tsarin zamani Zabi ne da mai shi ya ƙi yarda da shi gaba ɗaya.Wannan ya faru ne saboda farashin, wanda hakan ya haramta ga ƙananan kamfanoni masu girma, da kuma tsoron dakatar da samarwa idan wani abu ya faru ba daidai ba yayin da ake ƙaura da na'urori masu auna firikwensin, masu sarrafawa, da sauran muhimman abubuwa. Falsafar a bayyane take: matuƙar komai ya ci gaba da aiki kuma ana samun kayayyakin gyara, za a ci gaba da kasancewa a halin yanzu; za a magance matsalar idan babu wani zaɓi.
Windows 95 har yanzu yana nan
Wannan nau'in labarin yana nuna cewa Tsarin aiki da ake ɗauka sun tsufa na iya ci gaba da bayar da ƙima fiye da tsawon rayuwarsu ta ka'idaWannan gaskiya ne musamman a yanayin masana'antu inda kwanciyar hankali ya fi muhimmanci fiye da kirkire-kirkire. Duk da haka, ribar kuskure tana raguwa yayin da kayan aikin maye gurbin ke ƙaranci, wanda ke ba da ra'ayin cewa da yawa daga cikin waɗannan tsarin "na gargajiya" suna gab da ƙarshen rayuwarsu ta aiki.
A wannan lokacin, bayan duba yadda kafofin watsa labarai suka fara aiki, sabbin fasahohin da suka kirkira, juyin juya halin da ake ciki a fannin sadarwa da haɗin intanet, tsarin shigar da shi na musamman, da kuma mawuyacin hali da har yanzu ake amfani da shi, a bayyane yake cewa Windows 95 ya fi tsarin aiki mai lamba ba: shine lokacin da aka fara amfani da kwamfuta da intanet ga jama'a. kuma ya ƙara tabbatar da rinjayen Microsoft a kan tebur, wani abin tarihi wanda har yanzu yake bayyana yadda muke amfani da kwamfutoci a yau. Raba bayanin kuma ƙarin masu amfani za su koya game da wannan labarin.