Gudanar da hanyoyin sadarwa tare da CMD: umarni masu ci gaba netsh, ipconfig, ping da tracert

A cikin Windows, yawancin masu amfani suna amfani da hanyar haɗin hoto don haɗawa da WiFi, canza wasu saituna, ko duba idan akwai haɗin intanet, amma lokacin da kake son ci gaba da tafiya da kuma don gano ainihin abin da ke faruwa a hanyar sadarwaUmarnin umarni (CMD) zai zama babban abokin hulɗarku. Daga nan za ku iya duba hanyoyi, tashoshin jiragen ruwa, DNS, asarar fakiti, saita IPs, daidaita firewall, da ƙari mai yawa, kusan koyaushe yana sauri fiye da kewaya ta cikin menus. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da kayan aiki kamar GlassWire don gano abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba da kuma sa ido kan hanyar sadarwar ku.

Idan kana aiki a fannin gudanar da tsarin kwamfuta, tsaron intanet, ko kuma kawai mai amfani ne mai son sanin abin da ke faruwa idan wani abu "bai yi aiki a intanet ba," to ka koyi yadda ake sarrafa shi. Umarnin cibiyar sadarwa masu ci gaba a cikin CMD (netsh, ipconfig, ping, tracert da sauransu) Yana kawo babban canji. Ba wai kawai don gyara matsaloli ba ne, har ma don hana su, yin rikodin kayayyakin more rayuwa, da kuma sarrafa ayyuka masu maimaitawa ta hanyar amfani da rubutun rukuni, kuma yana da amfani a san matakan kamar ASR (Rage Hare-hare) a cikin tsarin tsaro mai zurfi.

Menene CMD kuma me yasa har yanzu yake da mahimmanci a cikin hanyar sadarwa?

Duk da cewa yana iya yin kama da wani abu daga baya, CMD shine Mai fassara umarnin Windows na gargajiyaMagajin tsohon MS-DOS ne. Manhaja ce ta yanayin rubutu wadda ke aiki a matsayin mai fassara tsakanin abin da kake rubutawa da tsarin aiki, wanda ke ba ka damar gudanar da shirye-shirye, kayan aikin asali, da kuma rubutun .bat tare da matakin sarrafawa wanda galibi tsarin zane ba ya bayarwa.

Don buɗe shi, kawai bincika "cmd" ko "Command Prompt" a cikin menu na Fara, ko danna Win + R, don rubutawa cmd kuma ku yarda. Idan za ku yi amfani da umarni waɗanda ke shafar saitunan cibiyar sadarwa, firewalls, ko ayyuka, ya fi kyau ku buɗe shi a matsayin mai gudanarwa (danna dama > Run a matsayin shugaba) don kauce wa kuskuren izini.

Daga CMD zaka iya gudanar da tsoffin kayan aikin MS-DOS da kayan aikin sadarwa na zamani. yana tallafawa rubutun tsariWannan yana ba ku damar sarrafa ayyukan da ake maimaitawa kamar canza IPs, share cache, ƙirƙirar madadin bayanai, gudanar da bincike na yau da kullun, da daidaita fifikon hanyar sadarwa kamar fifikon haɗin cibiyar sadarwa daban-dabanwanda yake da ƙarfi sosai a cikin yanayin kamfanoni.

Umarni masu mahimmanci don sarrafa hanyoyin sadarwa

Akwai ƙaramin rukuni na umarni waɗanda kowane mai gudanarwa ko mai amfani mai ci gaba ya kamata ya saba da su sami taƙaitaccen bayani game da tsarin hanyar sadarwa kuma a yi gwajin farko idan wani abu ya faru ba daidai ba.

ipconfig: hoton tsarin IP ɗinku

Umurnin ipconfig yana nuna a fili Tsarin TCP/IP na duk adaftar Bayanin na'urar: adireshin IP, abin rufe fuska na subnet, ƙofar shiga, DNS, matsayin DHCP, da sauransu. Wannan shine wurin farawa don sanin wace hanyar sadarwa kake da ita da kuma inda fakitin ke tafiya.

Idan ka rubuta kawai ipconfigZa ku ga adireshin IP na asali na kowane hanyar sadarwa (Ethernet, WiFi, adaftar kama-da-wane, da sauransu). ipconfig / duk Za ku sami cikakken bayani: adiresoshin zahiri (MAC), hayar DHCP, sabar DNS, bayanin kowane adaftar, da sauransu, masu matukar amfani ga Yi rikodin kayan aiki ko aika bayanai zuwa tallafi.

ipconfig kuma yana ba ku damar sarrafa alaƙar da ke tsakanin sabar DHCP da cache na DNS tare da bambance-bambancen da yawa waɗanda aka saba amfani da su wajen magance matsalolin hanyar sadarwa:

• ipconfig / saki: yana fitar da adireshin IP na yanzu da DHCP ya samu.
• ipconfig / sabunta: yana buƙatar sabon adireshin IP daga uwar garken DHCP.
• ipconfig / flushdns: yana share cache na DNS na tsarin.
• ipconfig /nunidns: yana nuna abubuwan da ke cikin cache na DNS.

Haɗuwa ipconfig / saki biye ipconfig / sabunta da kuma na gargajiya ipconfig / flushdns Yawanci suna warware rikice-rikicen IP, canje-canjen hanyar sadarwa, ko matsalolin da ke tattare da yankuna waɗanda suka canza sabar amma kwamfutar har yanzu tana nuna tsoffin IPs, kuma kyakkyawan ra'ayi ne a duba shi. Mafi kyawun DNS don Windows lokacin da ƙudurin ya gaza.

ping: shaidar rayuwa ta hanyar sadarwa

Umurnin ping Ita ce mafi sauƙi kuma a lokaci guda gwajin da aka fi amfani da shi don Duba idan wani mai masaukin baki yana amsawa akan hanyar sadarwaYana aika fakitin echo na ICMP zuwa IP ko yanki kuma yana nuna idan akwai amsa, tsawon lokacin da ake ɗauka don tafiya da dawowa (latency), da kuma adadin fakitin da aka ɓata.

Za ka iya yin ping sau biyu Adireshin IP (misali, na'urar sadarwa ta intanet ko uwar garken ciki) kamar Domains daga intanet. Idan gwajin ya yi nasara, za ku ga layuka kamar haka. "Amsa daga XXXX" tare da lokacin a cikin millise seconds da TTL. Idan ya gaza, saƙonni kamar "Mai masaukin baki ba zai iya shiga ba" o "Wannan buƙatar ta ƙare" Suna ba ku alamu game da abin da ke faruwa.

Wasu sigogin ping wanda ya kamata a sarrafa:

• ping 192.168.1.1 -n 1000: yana aika fakiti 1000 maimakon 4 na asali, wanda ke da amfani don duba daidaito da asara.
• ping 192.168.1.1 -w 3000: yana ƙara lokacin jira zuwa 3000 ms a kowace fakiti.
• ping 192.168.1.1 -t: yana riƙe ping ɗin har abada har sai kun dakatar da shi da Ctrl+C.

Ko da yake yana da jaraba a bar ping na dindindin, Yin amfani da ICMP ba bisa ƙa'ida ba na iya haifar da cunkoso ko asara akan hanyoyin sadarwa masu matuƙar muhimmanci, don haka ya fi kyau a yi amfani da shi da hikima, musamman a yanayin samarwa; idan kun gano matsaloli a cikin aikace-aikacen lokaci-lokaci, jagorar kan [maudu'in] zata iya taimaka muku. tarurrukan bidiyo a hankali ko kuma a katse.

Sunan mai masauki da getmac: Gano kwamfutar da ke kan hanyar sadarwa

Umurnin sunan mai masauki yana dawo da Sunan ƙungiya a kan hanyar sadarwaYana iya zama kamar ba shi da sauƙi, amma yana da matuƙar amfani idan kana buƙatar haɗawa da mai masauki ta suna ba ta IP ba, ko kuma ka hanzarta duba wace na'ura kake aiki a kai idan kana sarrafa da yawa.

A nasa bangaren, samu yana nuna Adireshin MAC (na zahiri) na duk adaftar na tsarin, ko an haɗa shi ko a'a. Adireshin MAC wani abu ne na musamman mai ganowa (ragogi 48) wanda masana'anta da ma'aunin IEEE 802 suka ayyana, kuma ana amfani da shi, misali, don tace damar shiga akan na'urar sadarwa ko don sarrafa kaya, ko ma don toshe hanyoyin da ake tuhuma daga CMD.

getmac yana karɓar sigogi kamar /fo don zaɓar tsarin fitarwa (tebur, jeri, CSV) ko /nh don ɓoye kanun shafi, wanda yake da matuƙar amfani idan kuna son aiwatar da sakamakon a cikin rubutun ko aika shi zuwa wani tsarin.

arp: wanene da gaske yake a cikin hanyar sadarwar ku ta gida

Umurnin baka yana aiki tare da Teburin ARP wanda ke haɗa IPs da adiresoshin MAC akan hanyar sadarwar ku ta gida. Tare da arp -a Za ka iya ganin waɗanne na'urori ne suka yi magana da kwamfutarka kwanan nan, gami da na'urar sadarwa, kwamfutocin da ke makwabtaka, da adiresoshin watsa shirye-shirye.

Idan ka fara yin ping sweep a duk faɗin yankin (misali, don /l %i a cikin (1,1,254) yi ping -w 50 -n 1 192.168.1.%i) sannan ka aiwatar arp -aZa ku sami cikakken hoto na wane adireshin IP ne kowanne MAC ke amfani da shi? a cikin subnet ɗinku, yana da amfani don gano masu kutse ko magance rikice-rikice.

Gano Hanya da Aiki: Tracert da Patching

Idan ka san wani abu ba daidai ba ne "wani wuri" a cikin hanyar sadarwa amma ba a inda ba, umarnin da ke nuna hanyar da fakitin ke bi da kuma yadda tsalle-tsalle daban-daban ke aiki, da kuma a cikin mahalli tare da adaftar da yawa, yana da amfani a fahimci ra'ayoyi kamar Ƙungiyar NIC da tsarinta.

tracert: bin kowace tsalle zuwa inda ake nufi

Umurnin gano (traceroute a wasu tsarin) yana aika buƙatun ICMP tare da ƙara ƙimar TTL (Lokacin Rayuwa) don gano waɗanne na'urorin sadarwa ne fakitin zai ratsa don isa inda ake so. Kowane bugun yana amsawa da saƙon ƙarewa har sai mai masaukin ƙarshe ya aika da amsa.

Fitowar tracert tana nuna, layi-layi, lambar hop, sau uku na amsawa a cikin ms, da adireshin IP ko sunan hopSaurin farko yawanci shine na'urar sadarwa ta ku, kuma daga nan akwai nau'ikan na'urorin sadarwa daban-daban, masu ɗaukar kaya na tsakiya da kuma mai ba da sabis na uwar garken da kuke haɗawa da shi.

Idan a wani lokaci, lokutan sun yi yawa, taurari sun taru, ko kuma babu amsa, za ku iya gano inda inda sadarwa ta lalace ko kuma inda akwai matsalaWani bayani mai amfani shine a yi amfani da shi tracert /d wurin da za a je don guje wa ƙudurin IP na baya zuwa suna, yana hanzarta umarnin sosai.

Yadda Tracert da TTL ke aiki a zahiri

Domin fahimtar dalilin da yasa tracert yake da ƙarfi sosai, yana da amfani a ɗan bincika tsarin cikinsa: kowane fakiti yana fitowa da TTL na farko wanda aka rage da 1 ga kowane na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa cewa ya wuce. Lokacin da TTL ya kai 0, na'urar sadarwa ta watsar da fakitin kuma ta aika saƙon da ya wuce lokacin ICMP zuwa ga tushen, yana ba da alamu game da wurin da yake.

tracert yana farawa ta hanyar aika fakiti tare da Bayani na TTL1Na'urar sadarwa ta farko ta rage TTL zuwa 0, ta watsar da shi, sannan ta mayar da martani. Sannan ta aika wani saƙo mai TTL na 2, wanda ke ratsa ta na'urar sadarwa ta farko, ya isa ta biyu, inda TTL ya ƙare kuma aka mayar da saƙon, da sauransu har sai inda za a je ya amsa da nasarar amsawa ko kuma an karɓi saƙon. Matsakaicin adadin tsalle-tsalle (30 ta tsohuwa, ana iya daidaita shi da /h)Da duk waɗannan bayanan, an sake gina hanyar.

Hanyar Hanya: Cikakken bincike game da asara da jinkirin jinkiri

Yayin da tracert ke mai da hankali kan hanya, hanyar Yana haɗa dabaru na ping da traceroute don bayarwa Ƙididdigar asarar fakiti da RTT ga kowane tsalleYana aika pings da yawa zuwa kowace maɓalli a kan hanya na tsawon lokaci (ta hanyar tsoho kimanin daƙiƙa 75) sannan yana ƙididdige kaso na asara daga tushen da kuma akan kowace hanyar haɗi.

Lokacin gudu hanyar shiga domain_or_IP Da farko za ku ga jerin tsalle-tsalle masu kama da na tracert, sannan bayan ɗan lokaci teburi mai ginshiƙai na RTT, asarar/aika fakiti, da kuma kashi na asara a kowace tsalleWannan ɓangaren yana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen gano hanyoyin sadarwa masu matsala ko kuma subnets.

Shawarwari yayin amfani da hanyar haɗin gwiwa:

• Yi amfani da shi a hankali A kan hanyoyin sadarwa masu mahimmanci: yana haifar da zirga-zirgar ICMP da yawa.
• Ka tuna cewa mai saurin kamuwa da cuta a wasu sigogi.
• Ka tuna cewa yana aiki ne kawai idan akwai buƙatar gaggawa TCP/IP yarjejeniya akan adaftar.

Tsarin suna da DNS: nslookup da flushdns

Yawancin matsalolin haɗin kai ba su da alaƙa da hanyar sadarwa, amma... Ƙaddamar sunan DNSYankin yana nuni zuwa ga wani sabar daban, akwai tsoffin bayanan da aka adana, ko kuma DNS na mai bada sabis ɗin ya gaza. CMD yana ba da kayan aiki da yawa don bincike.

nslookup: X-ray na kayayyakin DNS

Umurnin nslookup Ana amfani da shi don bincika sabar DNS da kuma duba Wane adireshin IP ne ke da alaƙa da yanki, ko kuma wane suna ne ke bayan adireshin IP?Kayan aiki ne na asali don bincika ko DNS yana dawo da abin da ya kamata.

Ana iya amfani da shi a yanayin da ba na hulɗa ba, misali nslookup openwebinars.net 8.8.8.8 don bincika DNS na Google don takamaiman yanki, ko kuma a cikin yanayin hulɗa, ta hanyar rubutawa kawai nslookup sannan a fara tambayoyi daban-daban daga tayin nslookup da kansa.

Baya ga bayanan A (IPv4) ko AAAA (IPv6), nslookup yana ba ku damar gani Bayanan MX, NS, CNAMEda sauransu, wanda yake da matuƙar amfani ga Tsarin DNS mai rikitarwa na duba ko kuma duba don yaɗuwar canje-canje.

ipconfig / flushdns: share cache na DNS na tsarin

Windows yana kula da wani ma'ajiyar ƙudurin DNS na gida Don hanzarta haɗi. Idan wani yanki ya canza IP ko kuma akwai hanyar da ba daidai ba ta tura saƙonni, wannan ma'ajiyar bayanai na iya yin aiki a kan ku. A nan ne [hanyar/hanyar] ta gargajiya ta shigo. ipconfig / flushdns, wanda ke goge duk shigarwar gida.

Bayan aiwatar da shi, za a tilasta wa tawagar ta sake tambayar uwar garken DNS kowace yanki, wanda yawanci yana gyara damar shiga wasu gidajen yanar gizo ko albarkatun ciki waɗanda suka canza sabar.

Kulawa da ƙididdiga: netstat, nbtstat, da systeminfo

Idan kana son ganin abin da ke faruwa a ainihin lokaci akan hanyar sadarwarka, lokaci yayi da za ka yi amfani da umarni waɗanda ke nuna hanyoyin haɗi, tashoshin buɗewa, da ƙididdigar yarjejeniya.

netstat: hanyoyin haɗi masu aiki da tashoshin sauraro

Umurnin netstat Wuka ce ta gaske ta Sojojin Switzerland don duba zirga-zirgar hanyar sadarwa ta gidaDaga cikin wasu abubuwa, yana ba ku damar duba haɗin TCP mai aiki, tashoshin jiragen ruwa inda ake sauraro, ƙididdigar yarjejeniya (TCP, UDP, IP, ICMP), teburin hanyar sadarwa ta IP, da bayanan haɗin gwiwa.

Haɗin kai masu amfani:

• netstat - an: yana lissafa duk hanyoyin haɗi da tashoshin jiragen ruwa a cikin tsarin lambobi, tare da matsayinsu.
• netstat -o 5: yana nuna haɗin TCP mai aiki da PIDs na hanyoyin aiki, yana wartsakewa kowane daƙiƙa 5.
• netstat-e-s: yana gabatar da ƙididdiga don Ethernet da duk yarjejeniyoyi.
• netstat -s -p tcp udp: yana tace ƙididdiga kawai don TCP da UDP.

Tare da netstat yana da sauƙin ganewa hanyoyin sadarwa masu tuhuma, ayyuka masu sauraro akan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na musamman ko aikace-aikacen da ke kula da zaman da bai kamata su kasance ba, wanda yake da matukar amfani ga ayyukan tsaro.

nbtstat: Mayar da hankali kan NetBIOS akan TCP/IP

Umurnin nbtstat mayar da hankali kan NetBIOS ta hanyar TCP/IP (NetBT) kuma yana ba ku damar duba teburin suna na gida, na nesa da cache na NetBIOS, da kuma ƙididdigar zaman.

Yi amfani da shari'ar:

• nbtstat /n: yana nuna teburin suna na NetBIOS na na'urar gida.
• nbtstat /c: yana nuna sunan NetBIOS cache.
• nbtstat /S 5Ƙididdigar zaman NetBIOS ta IP, ana sabunta ta kowane daƙiƙa 5.
• nbtstat / R y /RRSuna share cache kuma suna sake yin rijistar sunaye tare da sabar WINS.

Yana samuwa ne kawai idan an shigar da yarjejeniyar TCP/IP a cikin kaddarorin adaftar, amma lokacin aiki tare da tsoffin mahalli ko shigarwar Windows na gargajiya, yana nan yana da matukar amfani don magance rikice-rikicen sunaye.

systeminfo: cikakken bayani game da tsarin

Duk da cewa ba umarni ne na hanyar sadarwa ba, systeminfo yayi a Bayani game da hardware, software da kuma tsari na kayan aiki, gami da cikakkun bayanai na cibiyar sadarwa kamar yanki, saitin kati, sabuntawa, BIOS, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, masu sarrafawa, da sauransu.

Umarni ne mai matuƙar daraja ga masu fasaha da masu gudanarwa domin yana ba da damar yin hakan kwafi duk wannan bayanin zuwa fayil sannan a yi nazarinsa cikin nutsuwa, ko a haɗa shi da tikitin tallafi don ƙungiyar fasaha ta sami cikakken bayani ba tare da an haɗa shi da kwamfutar ba.

Ci gaba da daidaitawa da sarrafa kansa tare da netsh

Idan akwai umarni ɗaya da ya fi fice idan muka yi magana game da ci gaba da gudanar da hanyar sadarwa a cikin Windows, to wannan ne. netsh (Hanyar Sadarwa)Yana da kayan aiki na layin umarni wanda ke ba da damar duba kuma gyara kusan kowace siga ta hanyar sadarwa a cikin gida ko daga nesa: hanyoyin sadarwa, IP, DNS, firewall, WiFi, sabar, da sauransu.

netsh yana aiki saboda mahallin (int, wlan, firewall, interface ip, da sauransu), kowannensu yana da nasa ƙananan umarni. Wannan yana sa ya zama mai sauƙin amfani, amma yana buƙatar sanin tsarinsa. Kuna iya amfani da shi ta hanyar hulɗa (ta hanyar shigar da mahallin da bayar da umarni) ko kuma ba tare da hulɗa ba, ta hanyar aiwatar da umarni kai tsaye ko rubutun .txt tare da dogon jerin.

Misalai masu amfani na netsh

Amfani da shi ya zama ruwan dare gama gari Sake saita tarin TCP/IP Idan akwai matsalolin haɗin kai waɗanda ke da wahalar bayyanawa (kurakuran yarjejeniya, hali mai ban mamaki tare da DHCP, da sauransu), umarnin asali shine:

Umarni: netsh int ip reset

Idan kuma kana son adana rikodi daga cikin canje-canjen:

netsh int ip reset C:\tcpipreset.txt

Bayan aiwatar da shi, wajibi ne a Sake kunna kwamfutarka don sake saita batirin ya fara aiki sosai.

Wani aikace-aikacen mai ban sha'awa shine sarrafa hanyoyin sadarwar WiFi. Misali, don Duba duk cikakkun bayanai game da bayanin martaba mara waya, gami da kalmar sirri adana a cikin tsarin:

Duba bayanin martaba: netsh wlan show profile name="NombreDeLaRed" key=clear

Bugu da ƙari, netsh yana ba da damar gyara DNS na farko da na sakandare daga hanyar sadarwa, saitunan fitarwa/shigowa, daidaita ƙa'idodin firewall, har ma da shirya rubutattun bayanai masu rikitarwa waɗanda ke gudana da dannawa ɗaya zuwa saita injina ta atomatik a cikin wata ƙungiya.

Gudanarwa daga nesa, rabawa, da ayyuka: amfani da yanar gizo, winrm, ssh, ftp, da ƙari

Bayan ganewar asali, CMD kuma yana ba da damar sarrafa albarkatu da kayan aiki daga nesa ba tare da buƙatar haɗawa ta hanyar tebur mai hoto ba. Wannan yana da mahimmanci yayin sarrafa sabar ko kwamfutoci ba tare da hanyar sadarwa ta hoto da ake da ita ba.

amfani da yanar gizo da kallon yanar gizo: albarkatun cibiyar sadarwa da aka raba

Umurnin amfani mai amfani ana amfani dashi haɗa, cire haɗin da kuma saita faifai da albarkatun da aka raba (fayiloli, firintoci) a wasu kwamfutoci. Misali, don zana taswirar babban fayil ɗin da aka raba akan sabar zuwa harafin drive na farko da ake da shi:

Taswirar naúrar: net use * "\\SERVIDOR\mi_unidad" /persistent:no

Ga yadda ake haɗa babban fayil ɗin na_unit daga kwamfuta mai nisa kuma hana sake tsara ta ta atomatik lokacin shiga idan ba kwa son hakan ta kasance. Don tantance abin da kuka raba daga kwamfutarka, zaku iya amfani da net share (jerin albarkatun da aka raba na gida) ko net view don ganin abin da wata ƙungiya a kan hanyar sadarwa ke bayarwa:

Duba albarkatu: net view 192.168.1.50

Waɗannan umarni suna da matuƙar amfani a sake dubawa na tsaro, don gano albarkatun da aka fallasa waɗanda bai kamata a fallasa su ba, da kuma gano lokacin da canja wurin fayil ɗin ke jinkiri.

WinRM: Gudanarwa daga nesa ta hanyar WS-Management

WinRM (Windows Remote Management) aiwatar da yarjejeniyar WS-Management ne na Microsoft kuma ana sarrafa shi daga CMD tare da umarnin winrm. Yana ba da izini Saita hanyar shiga daga nesa, sami bayanan WMI, gyara sigogi da kuma sarrafa ayyuka ba tare da buɗe zaman tebur ba.

Umarnin WinRM akai-akai:

• winrm get winrm/config -format:pretty: yana nuna saitin yanzu a cikin XML mai iya karantawa.
• winrm get wmicimv2/Win32_Service?Name=spooler: yana ɗaukar bayanai daga sabis ɗin layin bugawa.
• winrm set winrm/config @{MaxEnvelopeSizekb="100"}: yana gyara sigar tsari.
• winrm set winrm/config/Listener?Address=*+Transport=HTTPS @{Enabled="false"}: yana kashe mai sauraron HTTPS.

An saita shi da kyau, WinRM yana ba ku damar sarrafa jiragen ruwa na injuna a tsakiya tare da rubutun, wani abu mai mahimmanci a cikin yanayin ƙwararru.

SSH da SCP: samun dama mai aminci da kwafin ɓoyewa

Tun daga Windows 10, abokin ciniki SSH Yana shigowa cikin tsarin. Da shi za ku iya Shiga ta hanyar na'ura wasan bidiyo zuwa sabar nesa kuma aiwatar da umarni kamar kana tsaye a gabansu, duk ta hanyar hanyar da aka ɓoye.

Amfani na yau da kullun:

• ssh usuario@servidor_o_IP
• ssh -l usuario servidor_o_IP

Misalin amintaccen madadin ajiya: scp ubuntu@mi_servidor.com:/etc/servicio/definitions.json /c/Users/TuUsuario/Downloads/new-definitions.jsonko madadin kamar SMB akan QUIC don raba fayiloli mai aminci.

Waɗannan nau'ikan umarni suna da mahimmanci yayin aiki tare da VPNs, sabar Linux, ko kayayyakin more rayuwa na girgije kuma kuna buƙatar motsa fayiloli lafiya.

FTP da wget: canja wurin fayiloli ba tare da hanyar sadarwa mai hoto ba

Umurnin ftp yana ba ku damar haɗi zuwa sabar FTP da loda ko sauke fayiloli ta hanyar hulɗa ko a cikin rukuniBayan aiwatarwa ftp servidor Ka shigar da ƙaramin yanayi tare da umarninsa (samun, sanya, ls, cd, da sauransu) kuma, idan kana son yin ayyuka ta atomatik, zaka iya amfani da sabar ftp -s:file.txt don haka yana aiwatar da ayyukan da aka ayyana a cikin wannan fayil ɗin.

A gefe guda, wget (idan ka shigar da shi a kan Windows) kayan aiki ne mai sauƙin sassauƙa don Sauke fayiloli daga HTTP/HTTPStare da zaɓuɓɓuka don sake suna, ci gaba da saukarwa, adanawa zuwa takamaiman kundin adireshi, ko ma zazzagewa akai-akai ta hanyar bin hanyoyin haɗin HTML. Idan kuna buƙatar jagora don tura shi lafiya akan sabar, duba Saita FTP akan Windows: Sabar, Izini, da Tsaro na Asali.

Sarrafa tsari, kashewa daga nesa, da sauran umarni masu amfani

Gudanar da hanyoyin sadarwa wani lokacin yana buƙatar kashe hanyoyin da suka fi matsalaZa ka iya sake kunna ayyuka ko ma kashe/sake kunna kwamfutocin nesa ta hanyar da aka tsara. CMD yana ba da amfani da dama masu amfani don wannan.

taskkill: Kawo ƙarshen ayyukan gida da na nesa

con aikin kisa zaka iya dakatar da tsare-tsare da suna, PID, mai amfani, ko ma akan kwamfutocin nesaMisali mai zurfi:

Babban amfani: taskkill /s remote_host /u dominio\usuario /p contraseña /fi "IMAGENAME eq nota*" /im *

Wannan umarni yana tilasta rufe dukkan hanyoyin da ke kan kwamfutar nesa. mai masaukin remote_host wanda sunansa ya fara da "bayanin kula", ta amfani da takamaiman takaddun shaida. Yana da matukar amfani lokacin da Manhaja ta rataye a kan sabar wanda ba ka da sauƙin samun damar zane.

kashewa: kashewa na gida ko na nesa da sake kunnawa

Umurnin shutdown damar kashe ko sake kunna kayan aiki Na gida da na nesa tare da sigogi daban-daban: rufe aikace-aikacen tilastawa, dakatar da jinkiri, haɗa da sharhi, rubuta dalilin, da sauransu.

Misalai gama gari:

• shutdown /s /t 0: Kashe kayan aikin gida nan da nan.
• shutdown /r /t 60 /c "Reconfiguración miapp.exe" /f /d p:4:1: Yana sake kunna kwamfutar gida cikin daƙiƙa 60, wanda hakan ke tilasta wa manhajoji rufewa.
• shutdown /r /m \\mi_servidor_remoto /t 60 /c "Reinicio programado" /f /d p:4:1: Yana sake kunna kwamfuta mai nisa tare da sigogi iri ɗaya.

Idan aka haɗa shi da rubutun da ayyukan da aka tsara, rufewa ya zama kayan aiki mai ƙarfi don sarrafa tagogi masu gyara ba tare da dole sai an je injina ba.

telnet: hanyar sadarwa ta nesa ta gargajiya (tare da sanarwa)

Telnet Tsarin tsohon soja ne don bude zaman nesa a cikin rubutu mara rubutuA cikin Windows, zaka iya amfani da umarnin telnet Domin haɗawa zuwa ayyukan da har yanzu ke tallafawa, muddin ka fara shigar da abokin ciniki na Telnet a cikin zaɓuɓɓukan tsarin.

Gwajin haɗin Telnet: telnet telnet.microsoft.com

ko ta hanyar ƙayyade tashar jiragen ruwa da fayil ɗin log:

Telnet tare da log: telnet /f telnetlog.txt telnet.microsoft.com 44

A yau, saboda dalilai da seguridadYa fi kyau a yi amfani da SSH, amma telnet har yanzu yana da amfani ga ayyukan gwaji a kan takamaiman tashoshin jiragen ruwa ko kuma yin aiki da tsofaffin na'urori.

Umarnin gabaɗaya waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen kiyaye tsarin lafiya

Duk da cewa ba umarni ne na hanyar sadarwa ba, akwai wasu hanyoyin sadarwa na CMD da dama waɗanda ke tasiri kai tsaye kan yadda haɗin ke aiki da tsarin gabaɗaya.

chkdsk: duba faifan don guje wa abubuwan mamaki

Umurnin chkdsk (Duba Diski) yana duba faifai don kurakuran tsarin fayil da munanan sassaIdan akwai matsalolin karatu/rubuta, hanyar sadarwar na iya shafar lokacin aiki tare da bayanan martaba na yawo, albarkatun da aka raba, ko bayanan bayanai na gida.

Ainihin syntax shine chkdsk C:Amma yawanci za ku yi amfani da masu gyara kamar:

• /f don gyara kurakurai ta atomatik.
• /r don gano sassan da suka lalace da kuma dawo da bayanai.
• /x don wargaza na'urar kafin a gwada ta.

Shirya chkdsk yayin lokutan gyara zai iya taimaka muku guji manyan gazawa hakan kuma yana shafar hanyar sadarwa.

sfc / scannow: tabbatar da fayilolin tsarin

Umurnin sfc / scannow gudu da Mai duba Fayil na TsariSFC tana nazarin duk fayilolin Windows masu kariya kuma tana gyara duk wanda ya lalace ko ya ɓace. Matsalolin cibiyar sadarwa da yawa suna fitowa ne daga ɗakunan karatu da suka lalace ko sassan tsarin da abin ya shafa, kuma SFC mataki ne mai kyau na farko kafin ɗaukar ƙarin matakai masu tsauri.

Gudanar da mai duba: sfc /scannow

Tsarin zai ɗauki ɗan lokaci, amma idan ya gano kurakurai kuma ya gyara su, za ku iya cin nasara a ciki Jimlar kwanciyar hankali, gami da ɓangaren hanyar sadarwa.

Kwarewa da wannan saitin umarnin CMD don sarrafa hanyoyin sadarwa a cikin Windows - daga mafi sauƙi kamar ipconfig y ping...har ma da manyan masu nauyi kamar netsh, netstat, gano o hanyargami da kayan aikin gudanarwa daga nesa kamar amfani mai amfani, winrm, ssh o shutdown— Yana ba ku matakin iko wanda tsarin zane-zanen ba ya bayarwa: za ku iya gano daidai, daidaita sigogi, sarrafa ayyuka ta atomatik, da kuma kiyaye hanyoyin sadarwarku - gida ko kamfani - a cikin yanayi mafi tabbas da aminci, ba tare da dogaro da mayu ko tagogi waɗanda ke ɓoye abin da ke faruwa a ƙasa ba. Raba bayanin kuma ƙarin masu amfani za su koya game da umarnin hanyar sadarwa ta CMD.