Gaskiyar cewa Windows 10 na gab da ƙarewa daga tallafinsa kuma Microsoft tana matsa lamba sosai ga Windows 11 yana nufin cewa mutane da yawa sun riga sun ga duk wani abu da ya zo a baya a matsayin "tsohon ɗaukaka." Amma akwai tsarin da ya ƙi yin ritaya: Windows 95 har yanzu yana nan a wuraren da dakatar da injin ba zaɓi bane.kuma inda jituwa ta fi ƙarfin sabon abu.
Ba wai kawai sha'awar abubuwan da suka faru na tarihi ba ne, wannan tsohon tsarin aiki ya kasance a tsakiyar jiragen ƙasa, gonaki, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, har ma da muhimman kayayyakin more rayuwa. Abin da ya bambanta a bayyane yake: Mun san cewa amfani da tsarin da ba shi da tallafi babban haɗarin tsaro neAmma a wurare da yawa na masana'antu da kimiyya, canza wani abu da ke aiki zai iya zama mafi haɗari (kuma mai tsada) fiye da kiyaye shi kamar yadda yake.
Me yasa Windows 95 ya zama "tsohon mai kunna rock" wanda ba makawa?
Tatsuniyar Windows 95 ba ta dogara ne kawai akan abubuwan da suka faru na tarihi ba; ta dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa, tabbas tsarin gado, Ita ce babban ɓangaren da ake juya dukkan sarkar samarwa ko sarrafawa a kaiA cikin shigarwa da yawa, manufar a bayyane take: idan an tsara ainihin software ɗin don wannan tsarin aiki kuma yana aiki tsawon shekaru da yawa ba tare da manyan gazawa ba, taɓa shi kusan abin ƙyama ne.
A cikin yanayin gida ba matsala ba ce idan wani shiri ya daina aiki bayan an sabunta shi, amma a masana'antu, sufuri, ko bincike, Duk wata matsala tsakanin sabbin kayan aiki da tsoffin software na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako.Rikice-rikice suna tasowa tare da masu kula da su. rashin jituwa da kayan aikin da ke da mahimmanciDaidaitawar da ba ta dace ba da kuma hanyoyin da ba su dace ba. Kuma idan amincin mutane ko ci gaba da kasuwanci ya dogara ne akan waÉ—annan hanyoyin, hankali shine mafi mahimmanci.
Shi ya sa manajoji da yawa ke manne wa ƙa'idar injiniya da ba a rubuta ba: "Idan bai karye ba, kada ka gyara shi"Falsafa ce da ta dace da tsarin kamar Windows 95 ko ma da harsuna kamar COBOL da FORTRAN, waɗanda har yanzu ana amfani da su sosai a bankuna, cibiyoyin inshora ko kimiyya domin sake rubuta su ko ƙaura da su zai zama babban mafarki.
Jiragen ƙasa a Sweden: ɗakunan zamani tare da ran 1995
Wani abin mamaki shine na wasu jiragen ƙasa a Sweden, inda wani mai haɓaka software wanda shi ma yake aiki a matsayin direban jirgin ƙasa ya ba da labarin cewa A ɗaya daga cikin "ofishinsa" har yanzu yana amfani da allon taɓawa wanda ke amfani da Windows 95.Da farko kallo, wurin ajiye motoci yana kama da na zamani, tare da tsarin zane mai kyau, amma kwakwalwar da ke sarrafa komai ita ce tsarin tsakiyar shekarun 90.
Waɗannan jiragen ƙasa, waɗanda ke aiki a yankuna kamar Bergslagen, sun haɗa wannan tsarin a farkon shekarun 2000, lokacin da aka kawo jiragen ƙasa. An ma inganta wasu kwamfutoci zuwa Windows XPAmma babban ɓangare na jiragen ruwan ya kasance daidai yadda aka kawo su: Windows 95, ba tare da wani muhimmin canji ba tun daga lokacin. Ga ma'aikatan gyara, wannan juyin juya hali ne na fasaha idan aka kwatanta da tsoffin jiragen ƙasa, tare da taksi cike da na'urorin sarrafawa na zahiri kuma kusan babu tsarin kwamfuta.
Manufar kamfanin jirgin ƙasa abu ne mai sauƙi: An gwada wannan haɗin kayan aiki, allon taɓawa, da kuma manhajar sarrafawa tsawon shekaru a cikin yanayin gaske.Sauya tsarin aiki zai iya kawo cikas ga haɗakar da ke shafar birki, siginar ciki, sarrafa makamashi, da kuma gano kurakurai. Muddin hanyar sadarwar da waɗannan injunan ke aiki ta keɓe kuma tsarin ba ya haɗa da intanet, haɗarin hare-haren yanar gizo zai iya zama mai sauƙi idan aka kwatanta da haɗarin dakatar da jiragen ƙasa ko haifar da keta tsaro saboda ƙaura mara kyau.
Gonar ƙwai a Jamus: Raka'a 40.000 a kowace rana da Windows 95 ke gudanarwa
Ko a tsakiyar Turai, mun ga Windows 95 har yanzu yana gudanar da manyan tsare-tsare. A Düsseldorf, Jamus, wani Manyan gonakin kaji har yanzu suna dogara ne akan takamaiman software wanda ke aiki akan Windows 95 kawai.Injin da ke da alhakin aiwatar da wannan aiki yana ɗaukar kimanin mita 40 x 40 kuma yana kula da komai: karɓa, rarrabawa, aunawa da kuma marufi da ƙwai.
Kowace rana, ana sarrafa kimanin raka'a 40.000, ana rarraba su bisa ga nauyi da inganci, sannan a tsara su cikin akwatuna shida ko goma. Manhajar, wacce aka ƙera musamman don wannan na'urar, tana amfani da Windows 95 a matsayin hanyar hulɗa da na'urori masu auna firikwensin, sikelin, masu lakaftawa, da firintoci.Sashen injin zai iya ci gaba da motsa ƙwai koda kuwa tsarin ya gaza, amma duk wani abu da za a iya ganowa ta hanyar dijital zai ɓace kuma dole ne a yi rikodin kowane tsari da hannu.
Mai gonar ya bayyana cewa Tsarin yana da ƙarfi, kuma idan akwai matsala, kawai sake farawa yana dawo da komai zuwa yadda yake.Kwarewarsu ita ce, a cikin wannan yanayin da ake sarrafawa, Windows 95 yana aiki mafi kyau fiye da sabbin shirye-shirye waɗanda galibi ke kawo ƙarin sabuntawa, ƙarin canje-canje, da kuma babban damar karya wani abu.
Duk da haka, matsalar ba wai kawai tsarin aiki ba ce, har ma da dukkan yanayin da ke kewaye da shi. Wani mai shirye-shirye ne ya rubuta wannan aikace-aikacen wanda ba zai iya daidaita shi da tsarin zamani ba.Sauran abubuwan da aka haɗa sun dogara ne akan tsofaffin kayan aiki: takamaiman firintoci, katunan tattara bayanai, hanyoyin haɗin kai na mallakar… Nemo kayan gyara ya haɗa da bincika cikin kundin adireshi na hannu da kuma hanyoyin gwanjo, saboda ba a ƙera sassa da yawa ba.
Kudin sabunta layin ya yi tashin gwauron zabi: Manomin ya kiyasta cewa maye gurbin injin zai yi daidai da kudin gidan iyali.Kuma ba wai kawai jarin da aka zuba a sabbin kayan aiki ba ne, har ma da makonnin da ake buƙata na dakatar da aiki don shigarwa, takaddun shaida, gwaji, da horar da ma'aikata. A wannan yanayin, tsayawa kan Windows 95 ya zama kamar shawara mai sanyi da aka ƙididdige, maimakon wani abu mai ban mamaki.
Windows 95 a cikin kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama da sauran muhimman ababen more rayuwa
Ganin Windows 95 a gona ko a jirgin ƙasa abin mamaki ne, amma Tasirin ya fi girma idan muka yi magana game da kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a Amurka.Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya (FAA), wacce ke da alhakin kula da harkokin jiragen saman ƙasar, ta shafe shekaru da dama tana aiki tare da tsarin da aka gina a shekarun 90.
Tsawon shekaru, masu kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama suna aiki tare da kwamfutocin da ke amfani da Windows 95 kuma suna amfani da faifai na floppy da takaddun takardu don wasu ayyukan suWannan tsohon tsarin da hukumar ta daɗe tana ɗaukarsa a matsayin "wanda ba zai dore ba". Matsalar ba wai kawai ta shafi tsaron yanar gizo ba ce - waɗannan hanyoyin sadarwa galibi suna da keɓewa sosai - amma kuma ingancin kayan aikin tsufa da software mara tallafi.
Abubuwa kamar hargitsi a filin jirgin saman Newark bayan gazawar tsarin sun nuna wannan rauni. Shi ya sa aka kafa wata ƙungiya mai suna Modern Skies, wadda ke fafutukar neman a ƙarshe a yi watsi da faifan diski na floppy da tsoffin tsarin aiki a cikin kayayyakin iskaKafin Majalisar Dokoki, jami'an FAA sun bayyana karara: dole ne a maye gurbin tsarin, dole ne a bar faifai masu faifai a baya, kuma dole ne a mayar da ayyukan da har yanzu suka dogara da takarda zuwa na'urar dijital.
Zamanin zamani wani É“angare ne na shirin Tsarin Sufurin Jiragen Sama na Gaba (NextGen)Shirin yana da nufin sauya yadda ake tafiyar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama gaba É—aya. Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta yi magana game da wa'adin shekaru huÉ—u da kuma kuÉ—in da ya kai dubban biliyoyin daloli, kodayake masana da yawa suna É—aukar wannan a matsayin kyakkyawan fata. Kalubalen shine a sabunta tsarin samar da ababen more rayuwa wanda ke aiki awanni 24 a rana ba tare da katse ayyukan ba., wani abu makamancin canza injin jirgin sama a tsakiyar jirgin sama.
Ba wannan ne kawai abin da ya fi daukar hankali a wannan fanni ba. Misali, a filin jirgin saman Paris-Orly, An ma yi amfani da Windows 3.1 don tsarin yanayi mai suna DECORTsarin yana da alhakin samar da muhimman bayanai game da guguwa da kuma rage ganin masu kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama. Rashin nasarar da aka samu a wannan tsarin ya haifar da rufe filayen jiragen sama na wucin gadi a shekarun 2015 da 2017, kuma an yi alƙawarin inganta shi duk shekara.
Boeing, faifan diski na floppy da tsoffin tagogi a duniyar jiragen sama
Sufurin jiragen sama na kasuwanci ma ba shi da kariya daga kayan tarihi na fasaha. Misali na gargajiya shine Boeing 747-400, wanda tsarin kewayawansa ke sabuntawa ta amfani da faifan diski mai inci 3,5Kowace kwana 28, wani ma'aikacin fasaha yana hawa jirgin da jerin faifan diski don loda sabbin bayanai na hanyoyin da wuraren kewayawa, a cikin tubalan 1,44 MB kawai a kowace faifai.
Wannan nau'in aikin ba wai matsalar rashin ilimi ba ce, amma matsalar takaddun shaida ce: Duk wani canji ga kayan aiki ko software a cikin jirgin sama na kasuwanci ya ƙunshi tsauraran matakan tabbatarwa.Sauya faifai na floppy disk da mafita ta zamani ba wai kawai batun haɗa kebul na USB bane: yana buƙatar gwaji, takardu, da amincewa da ƙa'idoji, wanda yake da tsada kuma yana ɗaukar lokaci.
Bugu da ƙari, tsoffin ma'aikatan Boeing sun yi bayani cewa A wasu layukan masana'antu, har yanzu akwai mahimman tsarin kayan aiki waɗanda ke gudanar da Windows 95 ko ma Windows 3.1.A waɗannan lokutan, ana maimaita dabarar: waɗannan su ne tsarin da ke kula da injuna na musamman ko benci na gwaji waɗanda aka tsara don wannan muhallin, kuma ƙaura da su ya haɗa da sake fasalin software da wani ɓangare na kayan aikin.
Sashen lura, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da kuma shari'ar Arecibo
Ilimin taurari da binciken kimiyya wasu fannoni ne da Windows 95 ta ƙi ɓacewa. A Arecibo Observatory da ke Puerto Rico, an yi amfani da kwamfuta mai lamba 486 wacce ke amfani da Windows 95 don wasu ma'auni.Wannan kayan aikin ya haɗa da katunan da ke da hanyar sadarwa ta ISA da aka tsara musamman don gwajin shekarun 90.
Masana kimiyya da ke da alhakin waÉ—annan ayyukan sun shafe shekaru da dama suna tattara bayanai tare da tsari iri É—aya, wanda ke tabbatar da hakan jerin lokutan suna daidai da lokaciSauya tsarin zai iya rage yawan karatun, ya gabatar da son zuciya, ko kuma ya karya kwatancen tarihi, abin da masu bincike da yawa ba za su yarda da shi ba.
Ba shakka, kiyaye 486 a cikin ƙarni na 21 ba ƙaramin aiki ba ne. Idan wani ɓangare ya gaza, Masu fasaha suna komawa zuwa gidajen yanar gizo kamar eBay don nemo abubuwan maye gurbinsuKusan gyaran hannu ne na fasaha, amma a cewarsu, ya fi kyau a sake fasalin dukkan gwajin daga farko.
A wasu dakunan gwaje-gwaje, an gan su Na'urorin microscopes na ƙarfin atomic waɗanda kwamfutocin Windows 95 ke sarrafawaWadanda ke da alhakin sun bayyana cewa a fannin fasaha ana iya mayar da shi wani abu na baya-bayan nan, amma kudin sake fasalin hadewa da sake daidaita kayan aikin ba shi da amfani matuƙar kayan aikin sun ci gaba da cika aikinsa.
ATM, ofisoshi da tsarin soja: bayan labarin
Na'urorin ATM wani misali ne na tsoffin tsarin aiki. A ƙasashe da dama, ciki har da wasu ƙasashen Turai da masu tasowa, Har yanzu akwai na'urorin ATM da ke aiki akan Windows XP, Windows NT, Windows 98, har ma da Windows 95.A lokuta da dama suna ci gaba da aiki saboda an haɗa su da tsoffin hanyoyin sadarwa na banki kuma sun shafe shekaru ba tare da manyan matsaloli ba.
Matsalar ita ce idan waɗannan na'urorin ATM ɗin sun haɗu da manyan hanyoyin sadarwa ba tare da ingantattun kariya ba, Tarin raunin da waɗannan tsarin ke da shi yana bawa mai hari damar yin sulhu da su cikin sauƙi.Akwai zanga-zanga a bainar jama'a game da yadda kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ko ƙaramin allo kamar Raspberry Pi, tare da ingantaccen software, ya isa ya mallaki ATM cikin 'yan mintuna kaɗan.
Suna kuma rayuwa a fannin farar hula Ofisoshin kula da haraji da kamfanonin lauyoyi waɗanda ke kula da kwamfutocin kwamfuta masu amfani da Windows 95Ƙungiyoyi da yawa suna adana takardu a cikin tsofaffin tsare-tsare daga suites kamar Microsoft Works ko Lotus Smartsuite. Tunda nau'ikan Office na zamani ba koyaushe suke iya buɗe waɗannan fayiloli da cikakken daidaito ba, sun fi son kiyaye yanayin asali don samun damar yin amfani da bayanan da, saboda ƙa'idodin doka, dole ne a ajiye su na tsawon shekaru.
Yanayin soja ma bai tsira daga gadonsa ba. An samar da takardu. Tsarin sarrafa makamai masu linzami da dandamalin tsaro waɗanda har yanzu suna amfani da Windows 95 ko Windows 98Domin an ƙirƙiro manhajar da ke kula da waɗannan na'urori musamman don waɗannan nau'ikan. Yin ƙaura zai buƙaci sake tabbatar da makamai da ka'idoji, tare da farashi da haɗarin da hukumomi ba koyaushe suke son ɗauka ba.
Har ma manyan cibiyoyi kamar Pentagon sun yarda cewa Tsawon shekaru, wani babban ɓangare na kwamfutocinsu suna aiki akan Windows XP ko sigogin da suka gabata.Duk da cewa an yi ƙoƙari don ƙaura da yawancin tsarin zuwa sabbin sigogi, kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na tsoffin tsarin suna ci gaba da bazuwa a cikin jiragen sama, sansanoninsu, da wurare masu nisa. Ci gaba da aiki yana buƙatar kwangiloli na musamman na tallafi tare da Microsoft, wanda ke haifar da tsada mai yawa kowace shekara.
Nauyin gado: COBOL, FORTRAN da software na musamman
Windows 95 ba wani abu ne da aka ware ba; Yana daga cikin tsarin halittu na fasahar gado wanda ke ci gaba da tallafawa manyan sassaHarsuna kamar COBOL da FORTRAN sun kasance muhimman abubuwa a fannin banki, inshora, da kuma fannin ilimi. Ba wai babu wasu hanyoyin zamani ba ne; ƙaura zuwa gare su yana ɗauke da haɗarin karya tsarin da miliyoyin ma'amaloli na yau da kullun suka dogara da shi.
A cikin ƙungiyoyi da yawa, an rubuta manhajar da ke sarrafa muhimman ayyuka shekaru da suka gabata ta ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ba sa wanzuwa. Takardun ba su da yawa, lambar tana da sarkakiya, kuma sau da yawa mutane kaɗan ne kawai suka fahimci yadda take aiki.Taɓa wani abu ba tare da cikakken fahimtar ma'anarsa ba zai iya haifar da kurakurai marasa ma'ana waɗanda aka gano lokacin da ya riga ya makara.
Bugu da ƙari, yawancin wannan software ɗin suna da alaƙa kai tsaye da takamaiman kayan aiki: katunan sarrafawa, motocin bas na masana'antu, na'urori masu amfani da ka'idoji na mallakar mallakaSabunta tsarin aiki ya ƙunshi tabbatar da cewa kowanne daga cikin waɗannan sassan zai ci gaba da aiki iri ɗaya, wani abu da ba kasafai ake tabbatar da shi ba tare da an yi amfani da gwaje-gwaje masu yawa, kwaikwayon abubuwa, da kayan aikin maye gurbinsu ba.
HaÉ—arin tsaro: lokacin da kwanciyar hankali na fasaha ya ci karo da tsaron yanar gizo
Daga mahangar tsaron yanar gizo, Amfani da tsarin da ba a tallafawa ba kamar Windows 95 wasa ne mai haɗari sosaiWannan tsarin ya daina karɓar sabbin bayanai game da tsaro a shekarar 2001, kuma tun daga lokacin an gano matsaloli da dama waɗanda ba za a taɓa gyara su a hukumance ba.
Idan kwamfuta mai amfani da Windows 95 ta haɗu da Intanet, Masu aikata laifuka ta yanar gizo na iya gano shi kuma su kai masa hari cikin sauƙi.Tun daga ɗaukar iko da kwamfutar zuwa shigar da ransomware ko amfani da ita a matsayin wani ɓangare na botnet, akwai damammaki masu yawa. Ko da ba tare da haɗin yanar gizo kai tsaye ba, mai hari mai damar shiga kwamfutar yana da babban fa'ida fiye da tsarin zamani mai ƙarfi.
Saboda haka, yawancin kayayyakin more rayuwa da ke ci gaba da amfani da waɗannan tsarin suna amfani da wani mataki mai tsauri amma mai tasiri: Suna ware su gaba ɗaya daga intanet kuma suna ci gaba da tsare su a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa masu rufewa.Tunda ba a fallasa su ga duniyar waje ba, yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta na kai hari suna ɓacewa, kuma babban haɗarin shine gazawar kayan aiki ko kuskuren ɗan adam, ba kutse daga nesa ba.
Wannan ba yana nufin babu wata haɗari ba; kawai suna da yanayi daban. Na'urorin sarrafa hard drive na tsawon shekaru da dama, kayan wutar lantarki sun tsufa, da kuma motherboards tare da kayan aikin tsufa....duk wannan yana ƙara yiwuwar samun matsala ta jiki a mafi munin lokaci. Kuma samun kayan maye gurbin da suka dace yana ƙara wahala kowace shekara, yana sa gyare-gyare su fi tsada da jinkiri.
Me yasa ba a sabunta su ba: farashi, lokacin hutu, da kuma tsoron karya wani abu?
Da yake duk waɗannan haɗarin suna kan teburi, yana da kyau a yi tambaya: Me yasa ba a maye gurbin duk waɗannan ƙungiyoyin bayan lokaci mai tsawo ba? Amsar ta haɗa da tattalin arziki, dabaru, da kuma, a lokuta da yawa, sarrafa haɗari.
Dalili na farko shine farashin kai tsaye. A cikin masana'antu kamar noma, jiragen sama, ko layin dogo, Haɓaka injin maɓalli na iya zama daidai da farashin gida ko fiye.Kuma ba wai kawai muna magana ne game da siyan sabon tsarin ba, amma game da dakatar da samarwa, sake tsara hanyoyin aiki, da kuma karɓar makonni ko watanni na rashin aiki kaɗan.
Dalili na biyu shine farashi kai tsaye: horar da dukkan ma'aikata, sake tabbatar da tsare-tsare, tabbatar da binciken kuɗi da kuma bin ƙa'idodiA cikin muhimman ababen more rayuwa, dole ne a rubuta kowane canji kuma a tabbatar da shi ga masu kula da harkokin mulki, wanda hakan ke sanya duk wani haɓakawa aiki mai sarkakiya da tsayi.
Dalili na uku shine tsoron karya wani abu da ke aiki a yanzu. Yawancin manajojin IT da ayyuka sun fi son yin hakan. kiyaye muhallin da aka saba da shi, koda kuwa tsohon abu ne, maimakon fara ƙaura wanda zai iya gano matsalolin da ba su da tabbasIdan tsarin da ake amfani da shi a yanzu ya shafe shekaru ba tare da manyan matsaloli ba kuma an saka hannun jari mai yawa wajen kewaye shi da matakan dakile matsalar, to jarabawar barin hakan a yadda yake abu ne mai kyau.
A ɓangaren gwamnati, kasafin kuɗi mai iyaka da kuma fifikon siyasa suma suna shiga cikin lamarin. Haɓaka tsarin mai mahimmanci zai iya yin gogayya da sauran buƙatu masu bayyane.Wannan yana jinkirta ko dakatar da ayyukan da ake buƙata. Sakamakon haka, fasahar zamani tana ƙarewa a cikin shekaru da yawa.
Wannan cikakken tsarin jiragen ƙasa na Sweden, gonakin Jamus, wuraren lura, na'urorin ATM, da cibiyoyin kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama yana nuna hakan Windows 95 da sauran tsoffin tsarin sun kasance hanyar sadarwa mara kyau a cikin ababen more rayuwa da yawaCi gaba da kasancewarsa ba wai kawai saboda kewar da yake yi ba ne, har ma da haɗakar kuɗaɗe, haɗari, takaddun shaida, da kuma tsantseni a fannin aiki.
Mabuɗin, ga kowace ƙungiya da har yanzu ta dogara da su, shine a sami daidaito tsakanin wannan kwanciyar hankali da aka samu da kuma buƙatar da ba makawa ta zamani a matakai da kuma farfaɗo da tsoffin aikace-aikace, kafin rushewar gaba, ko kuma wani faci mai yiwuwa na gaba, ya mayar da matsalar da za a iya sarrafawa zuwa ainihin ciwon kai. Raba bayanin kuma ƙarin masu amfani za su koyi duk game da wannan labarin.